On The Practical Dimension Of Marx's View Of Human Nature

The essence of human beings is the eternal theme of Marx's philosophy.On the basis of criticizing and inheriting the research results of predecessors,Marx took historical materialism as the research perspective,took the realistic human beings and their practical activities as the cornerstone of the research,and scientifically revealed the connotation of human nature.By exploring the essence of human beings,Marx revealed the differences between human beings and animals and the differences between people in different classes,realized the revolutionary change from abstract human beings to real human beings,and pointed out the direction for human beings to break away from the predicament of survival and realize the free and all-round development of human beings.Based on the main texts of Marx,this paper systematically analyses the ideological core of Marx's view of human nature and the way to realize human essence by deeply analyzing the theoretical origin and ideological evolution of Marx's view of human nature.This paper contains four main chapters,showing as follows:The first chapter,based on Feuerbach's humanism,explores the ideological origin of Marx's concept of human nature.Marx's concentrated discussion on the essence of human beings mainly focused on the early stage,that is,from the period of Reflections of a Young Man on The Choice of a Profession to the period of Die deutsche Ideologie.This period witnessed ideological development process of Marx's constant criticism of the old philosophy(especially Feuerbach's philosophy)and the establishment of new philosophy.Therefore,sorting out Feuerbach's humanistic thought is an important ideological source for exploring Marx's view of human nature.Feuerbach's view of human nature is the core idea of Feuerbach's humanism.It was established by Feuerbach from his criticism of Hegel's speculative philosophy and religious theology's abstract view of human nature.In the process of criticism,he discovered the concept of "realistic man",thus creating a theoretical pioneer with the essence of "realistic man" as the object of study.Feuerbach's understanding of human nature had given Marx a profound enlightenment.It is in his criticism and reflection of Feuerbach's thought that Marx discovered "realistic","perceptual" and "historical" people.The second chapter systematically sorts out the ideological evolution of Marx's concept of human nature.Marx's thought of human nature is the core of his philosophical thought,and it is also the central axis of the generation and development of his whole philosophical world outlook.Marx discovered historical materialism in the process of pursuing the essence of human beings.Therefore,in order to deeply understand the theoretical connotation of Marx's concept of human nature,it is necessary for us to deeply interpret Marx's thoughts in various periods,and then clarify the generating thread of his thought of human nature.Generally speaking,the development process of Marx's philosophical thought can be divided into three stages: gestation,shaping and deepening.The development process of Marx's human essence thought can also be divided into these stages,respectively.Firstly,the period from " Reflections of a Young Man on The Choice of a Profession " to " Rheinische Zeitung " is the gestation period of Marx's view of human nature.In this period,Marx's works clearly reflected how he gradually changed from Hegelian abstract view of human nature of "self-consciousness" to Feuerbach's "perceptual" and "realistic man".Secondly,the period from Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 to Die deutsche Ideologie was the forming period of Marx's human essence thought.It was during this period that Marx gradually broke the limitation of Feuerbach's "realistic man" and created a scientific concept of human essence from the perspective of historical materialism and practice.Finally,the period from " The poverty of Philosophy " to "Das Kapital" is the deepening stage of Marx's view of human essence.In this stage,Marx deepened his thought of human essence by investigating the law of development of capitalist society and the realistic social and political struggle,and pointed out the value aim of human essential development,that is,the free and all-round development of human beings.Through the division of these three stages,we can not only clarify the evolution track of Marx's concept of human nature,but also clearly outline the whole development thread of Marx's thought.In the third chapter,the theoretical core of Marx's human essence thought,namely social practice,is deeply analyzed and emphasized.Firstly,social practice is the basis of Marx's understanding of human nature.Marx understood the essence of human beings from the point of social practice,and the point of view of practice is the basis of Marx's transcendence of Western humanism.Secondly,social practice is the theoretical core of Marx's view of human nature.The triple attributes of human beings,namely natural attributes,social attributes and spiritual attributes,are generated and developed in social practice.Social practice not only transforms nature into human nature,but also endows people with social relations and creative characteristics.Finally,social practice is the evolutionary clue of Marx's thought of human nature.Marx divides the development process of human essence into three stages: generation,alienation and return from the historical point of view.Social practice is the central clue that runs through the whole development stage.In a word,social practice is the core of Marx's thought of human nature from the perspective of chronological or synchronic state.The fourth Chapter points out that the Communist movement is the realistic way to realize Marx's human nature.In the Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei,Marx clearly pointed out that the ultimate aim of the essential development of human beings is the liberation of human beings and the realization of their free and all-round development,which is also the fundamental purpose and ultimate goal of the Communist movement.As the Chinese way of the International Communist movement,the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics regards the realization of human nature as its value goal,constantly emancipates and develops productive forces,establishes the concept of "people-oriented",constantly deepens the reform of political system,and carries out social construction.These socialist construction practices with Chinese characteristics have achieved fruitful development results.At the same time,it also brings profound historical significance for the liberation and overall development of all mankind.