Research On The Officials And Military Decision-Making Of The Northwest Frontier Defense Army In The Northern Song Dynasty

The officers and military decision-making powers of the northwestern frontier defense commanders in the Northern Song Dynasty showed certain characteristics of power evolution in the "normal" state,and exposed many ills in the "wartime"operation.In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty,in the process of reunification of the dynasty,jiedushi(节度使)gradually transformed into a false position,and the mechanism of the Dubushu(都部署)border defense unit became increasingly prominent.Four years after the reunification of the Taiping,the border defense began to set up dubushu on a large scale.After the Northern Expedition,the establishment of the border defense system of dubushu,qianxia(钤辖),dujian(都监),jianya(监押),xunjian(巡检),and the concept of "the prevention of things,the system of the song",the military decision-making power of border defense also appeared weakened by jiedushi to dubushu And the process of transfer.Song Ting took the opportunity of the alliance of the Yuanyuan and began to weaken the power of the Dubushu commander.The Renzong dynasty jinglueanfushi(经略安抚使)has become the commander of the commander of the Dubsuhu.Before Shenzong promoted the art of war,when the jinglueanfushi commander went out,the deputy zongguan could be responsible for controlling the troops and horses to make decisions.After the implementation of the military law,the deputy zongguan confessed the power of the military,but weakened its decision-making power.During the Yuanyou period,Zheng and deputy Zongguan(总管)jointly discussed military and political affairs to make decisions,and expanded the power of military deputy zongguan to participate in military decision-making.In the four years of Chongning,in order to strengthen the defense of the frontier defense,the four auxiliary county,the military commander and the deputy zongguan commander and military decision-making power have gradually strengthened.After the Jin Dynasty soldiers captured Taiyuan,the Wenchen jinglueanfushi border defense system collapsed,and the zongguan system that was dying from the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty was re-established.At the beginning of the Song Dynasty,qianxia and xunjian had independent military command and military decision-making power.Dujian’s military surveillance function in the Shinzong period has declined.Although jianya’s status is low,he can still participate in the decision-making meeting at the border defense level.In the "wartime" operation,military decision-making at different levels of the central and frontier defenses has certain problems in the decision-making,execution and interaction in the evolution of war.In the Battle of Xiazhou,the central government had problems of delaying warplanes,military decision-making mistakes,and then rushing to send troops.After the outbreak of the Battle of Lingzhou,the central government failed to make military decisions in a timely manner.The defense of Dubushu changed the practice of the central military decision-making.Although it was in line with the geographical situation of the border,the border defense five-way army appeared to be weak and unfavorable.The dispute between Song Zhenzong and the Qing Dynasty on the aggression of Lingzhou led to a slow military decision and a fall in Lingzhou.In the battle of Yanzhou,the Central Committee of the Song Dynasty despised the military situation and did not play the role of formulating the highest military decision-making.There was not enough interaction between the central and the edge jinglueanfushi.Before the war of haoshuichuan,the central government formulated a military decision to take the initiative to attack,but Yuan Zhen first made wars.Han Qi approached the enemy’s decision,and the deputy of the ring road,Dubushu Ren Fu,led the troops of the original town of Zhenyuan,and drove the original roads,the command was not working,and the greed was defeated.Before the battle of Dingchuan Village,the Central Committee of the Song Dynasty was busy dealing with the issue of the Qidan League,and the Yuan Zhenji launched the battle of Dingchuan Village.Deputy Dubushu Ge Huaimin vetoed the in-depth military decision of the jinglueanfushi kingdom before the war.Yuan Zhen is mainly anti-customer,sitting in the town of Dingchuan,surrounded by Ge Huaimin.Since the Song Dynasty,the military decision-making status of the Northern Song Dynasty has been reshaped and improved.During the period of discussion,the power of the regime expanded,and Zhang Yi used to control the northwest against the summer war with a private book.During the Huizong period,the central military decision-making was quite similar to the Shenzong dynasty,showing the characteristics of arbitrariness.Although it maintains the jinglueanfushi border defense system as a whole,in the wartime state,the central government first appointed the vice-president to preside over the frontier defense warfare,and then appointed the eunuch,and then became the full-time general,only during the summer war in the Zhezong period.Maintain the traditional jinglueanfushi border defense military decision-making mechanism.In the decision-making and execution of border defense,from the battle of Yucheng to the battle of Tong’an City,only the war of Lanzhou in the late Shenzong and the war of Hundtberg of Zhezong and the war of Pingxia City won several wars of defensive nature.The rest of the active offensive battles ended in failure.In the offensive war,both decision makers and commanders have made decisions and mistakes,and failed to solve the problem of insufficient food and grass after deepening the hinterland of Xixia.This has an important relationship with the mistakes of pre-war decision-making.