A Study On The Hebei Region Of The Yuan Dynasty Based On The Stone Inscription

Hebei region is located in the the inland regions,it is the centre of gravity of the Yuan dynasty.The predecessors have researched a lot about Hebei region,the lack of historical data become the bottleneck of continue to study it in-depth.Thus,the stone inscription,especially the newly discovered inscriptions undoubtedly will be conducive to the research of Hebei region,Yuan dynasty.When the mongols attack to the south,the emperor of Jin Dynasty moved the capital to Kaifeng(开封).Hebei region came into chaos,and the local hero had to gather people to protect themselves,they forming a new power.Most of them surrenderd to the Mongols,and become a military benefit class.Such as Di family of Xingtang(行唐邸氏),Zhang ziliang(张子良),Liushen(刘深)and so on.Mongolian rulers attaches great importance to the family background,the military class were regarded as good family background,they played an important influence in military and political during the Yuan dynasty.With Mongolia entering the central China,many northern and western minorities came into the central China.Such as there were several Uighur people family in Zhending(真定),there were Li family and Yang family who were Western Xia People in Daming(大名).Nuohuai family is Mongolians,they settled in Guangping(广平).All of them settled in Hebei.Though they tried to keep their national culture,they also gradually localization at the same time.The Li family used Zhuxi’s Family Ritual in their funeral,Nuohuai was good at calligraphy.The ethnic ingoing and fusion were more breadth and depth than earlier generations in Hebei region of Yuan dynasty.Because adopt the religious policy of freedom during the Yuan dynasty,various religious were close to the rulers actively for their development.The core struggle region between the Buddhism and Taoism was in the northern of Hebei,it’s more less in the central and southern Hebei,The warlord played an important role in stable the social order.In addition to Haiyun(海云),Xuetang(雪堂)is also a famous monks of Rinzai.Haiyun(海云)was appointed as the authentic of Rinzai and the establishment of KaiYuan are all the result of support by the rulers.The military occupation of Mongolian caused damage to the Hebei region,Many northern system was brought into the central China,such as the people was classified according to different professions,a lot of handicraft industry ran by government,and enfeoffment,all of them had affected on the economic development of Hebei.Every winter,a large number horses of the bodyguards gathered around Dadu(大都).For the mongols accustomed to nomadic,Dadu was seen as their winter camp.The iron smelting organization had a change process in Hebei region,it and the Ding kiln(定窑)were important components of the officer handicraft.Study Hebei region with stone inscription,we expand the historical materials,moreover,we deepen the research.The military class rose and had an important influence,multi-racial converged here,The people were classified according to their professions,all of them made the Hebei region of Yuan dynasty presents different characteristics;In addition,Hebei region is close to the grassland,it is not only the core of the Han culture,but also on the verge of grassland,and easily affected by the grassland culture,it has the characteristics of hinterland and edge.