The Individualization Of Rural Society And The Publicity Construction

In the process of urbanization and marketization,rural society in the modernization increasing turns into openness,mobility and heterogeneity from closer,stillness and heterogeneousness.Especially for the majority of the central and western rural areas,most of the middle-aged and young people are choosing to work or do business in the city or town.Individual farmer gradually liberate from the original kinship,community membership,villages of belonging and other local community identity.Ethics,pacts,public rules and religion in traditional period are gradually reducing constraints on farmers.The importance of the individual gets more respect and care with respect to the collective.Farmer is increasingly becoming a self-conscious,independent individual who can choice and plan their own lives.But this also means that he losses the traditional community of belonging and a sense of security,bears the risk of social risks alone,suffers crushing sense of the world,adjusts right boundaries between individual and society.Rural society in central and western China emerge the characteristics of so-called social individualization in Western Europe.Unlike the Western Europe,we lack democratic culture and autonomous practice.The right incensement occurs in the private sphere not in the public domain,which leads to the extreme individualism to some extent.At the same time the individual farmer denticulate out from the traditional social support networks,but can not successfully embed in the national social security system and employment system in the market;social risks and psychological stress are increasing for the individual.The individualization of rural society is not forming with the natural growth of modernity,which means Chinese rural society will experience their own special complex road of the individualization.This will have a profound impact on rural social relations,rural governance and rural culture.As for rural social relations,intergenerational relationship,marriage relationship,kinship,and relationship between villagers have undergone some changes.Individual is inclined to deal with social relations from his own interests and rights.On intergenerational relations,ancestor worship,and procreation which have similar religious significance have disintegrated.Parent and offspring tend to have more rational self-interest considerations;on marriage relationship,the younger generation has formed an open marriage market with the rise of migrant workers.Women achieve a higher position in the marriage relationship.Economic conditions play an important role in the conclusion of the marriage.In order to pursue personal happiness more divorces have appeared,which is gradually recognized by rural society.Premarital sex and extramarital sex is increasingly becoming common,because they think that they have the right to control their own bodies and have the right to enjoy happiness.On kinship,determining whether a person is belonging to a close circle of contacts is no longer primarily traditional kinship but interest relationships.Hierarchy between relatives no longer relies solely on seniority,when we emphasize on the ability to earn benefits and could give us interest.Exchange between relatives which rationality and interests have begun to seep into is no longer a simple gift and favor.In terms of rural governance,on the one hand the current basis for rural governance has undergone profound changes which especially refer to that farmers' self-awareness is increasing,on the other hand the national power base in the rural community is weakening,the interrelation of farmers and village groups,village organizations,county governments is increasingly loose.These two factors have a profound impact on rural governance,governance body composition and governance objectives.Particularly in some areas of intensive interest,the main task of the local government is to promote local economic development through urbanization,investment,land acquisition,etc.In order to mobilize the peasants to sell land and go upstairs designed in accordance with the government planning,governance relying on the benefits and violence began to appear,power capital and violence cooperate with each other,the public of governance is losing:Governance objectives is to increase revenue and income cadres instead of considering the long-term and overall well-being for the people;Management tools are for unscrupulous,democracy and the rule of law,fairness and justice,such as the concept of governance can discard all.Rural culture is gradually losing the public nature,religion system is gradually broken,everyone can make their own interpretation of morality according to their own needs and interests,the public traditional rules have been destroyed.Farmers' cultural life domain is shrinking from the public to the family and individual.Culture and entertainment become interactions and exchanges with TVs,computers and other machines.In short,the principle of maximizing individual interests in a market economy has penetrated into the cultural field,and uneven development of individual rights in the political sphere and private sector leads to personal desires expansion,which make culture trends to be individualized.Individualization has a certain negative impact on rural society,especially on rural social integration,whose basic aim is to reconstruct cohesive power,authoritative identity and organizational strength.In this paper I mainly discuss it from the perspective of the construction of the public,which I divide into rural public spaces,rural public rules,rural public spirit,rural public communication,and rural public services to talk over publicity construction.