Research On Analytical Methods Of Teachers' Teaching Reflection And Its Application In Network-based Training Context

Teachers are the key factors to successful education reform and their abilities to integrate Information and Communication Technology(ICT)into teaching and learning need to be enhanced to meet the needs of the educational informationization.Education administrators increasingly hope that teachers can skilled use of information technology to improve their work,can communicate and collaborate with colleagues in and out of the schools,can digitally manage student affairs,and can participated in formal and informal learning activities.Related to this is the change of teachers' professional development patterns which had been changed from school-based training to online professional development based on social software,online learning tools and learning resources.Now,more and more teachers participate in online professional development programs and complete their learning task in online learning communities.Many problems,however,exist in the online learning communities,including teachers' poor participation and low levels of reflection.Reflection is an important way for teachers'professional development.It would be helpful to facilitate teachers' ability enhancement by analyzing teachers' reflection and providing timely feedback.This study has important academic and practical value.The object of this study is teachers' reflection in online learning communities.Based on the primary and secondary school teachers' information technology application ability promotion project,the analytical methods of teachers' reflection have been studied from the angle of analysis and evaluation.The main content of this study are:(1)the common analytical methods and technologies of teachers' teaching reflection,(2)the building of the coding systems on teachers' teaching reflection,(3)the method of automatic coding,(4)the suggested analytical methods of teachers' teaching reflection,and(5)the development and application of the teaching reflection analytical system.The main achievements of this study are as follows:1.This study explores the models and analytical methods of teachers' reflection in online learning communities and enriches the theoretical basis of teachers' teaching reflection further.In this study,we compare four coding schemes on teachers' reflection,including Sparks-Langer' coding scheme,Kembers' coding scheme,Blooms' Taxonomy based coding scheme,and Van Manen's model based coding scheme,and point out the problems of these coding schemes.According to the characteristics of teachers' teaching reflection and related theories,a teachers' teaching reflection model is proposed and teachers' learning activities is designed based on this model.In the online learning activities,teachers mainly pay attention to Teaching technology and Teaching idea,and their reflection consists of three levels such as descriptive reflection,analytical reflection,and critical reflection.There are six categories in the coding scheme of teachers' teaching reflection and each category is provided clear definition and explain.Each category in the coding scheme is represented by a code.In addition,the standard of data collection,data processing,and data analyses and the methods of dealing with the special situation has been proposed.By comparing the coding scheme proposed in this study with previous coding schemes,the results show that the proposed coding scheme are better suited to reveal Chinese teachers' reflection levels and developing process.2.Based on the coding scheme of teachers' teaching reflection,the method of automatic coding is studied.Teachers' online learning data shed light on their reflection.With the growing scale of these data,traditional way of manual coding,however,was being challenged.Manual coding demands a large amount of time and effort for researchers to code and analyze the content data.In addition,the results of manual content analysis can not provide timely feedback for researchers to make real-time interventions to improve the quality of teachers' online learning.Furthermore,content analysis has some technical limitations such as inter-rater reliability.Based on the related research of natural language processing,this study uses bag-of-words model as the basic assumptions and apply text classification methods to classify teachers' online learning data.The main content of this section includes:(1)related studies of text classification,e.g.,the process of text classification,text classification algorithm,single-label text classification and multiple-label text classification,and text classification measures,(2)the method of automatic coding based on bag-of-words model,including introduction of bag-of-words,establishing of vocabulary,and Naive Bayes classifier,and(3)the comparison experiment shows that the method of automatic coding proposed in this study not only has good accuracy,but also has good speed compared with the manual coding.3.Based on the coding scheme of teachers' teaching reflection,the analytical methods of teachers' teaching reflection are studied.After the data of teachers' reflection is coded,these numerical data can be analyzed.The main content of this section includes:(1)the basic analytical methods of teachers' teaching reflection such as the distribution and depth of teachers' teaching reflection,(2)the transfer matrices,sequence,and behavior pattern of teachers' teaching reflection,and(3)the social network model of teachers' reflection,including formalization denotation of social network model and the computational methods of important parameter.Previous studies referred to as a cross-sectional study mainly analyze learners' learning situation at some point.By analyzing behavior pattern and network model of teachers' teaching reflection,this study realizes the tracking and evaluation of teachers' teaching reflection.4.The development and application of the teachers' teaching reflection analytical system.On the basis of previous research,a teachers' teaching reflection analytical system is developed and used to analyze:(1)primary and secondary school teachers'teaching reflective levels and evolution,(2)behavior pattern of primary and secondary school teachers' teaching reflection and explain the reason,and(3)the social network characteristic of primary and secondary school teachers' teaching reflection.The application results of the teachers' teaching reflection analytical system show that the coding and analytical methods proposed in this study not only can analyze teachers'teaching reflection,but also can come to similar conclusions with previous studies.Compared with the manual coding method,the teachers' teaching reflection analytical system can study teachers' teaching reflection in a broader and automatic way and has an obvious advantage in the visual aspects of research conclusion.