Research On The Internationalization Of Higher Education And Its Effect In China

The development of economic globalization has led to the internationalization of higher education,which not only serves diplomacy,promotes educational exchange,cooperation and development,but also plays an important role in China's economic and social development and humanistic cultural exchanges.International exchange students,as the important manifestation of the internationalization of higher education,can not only bring direct economic benefits,promote the development of education serving trade,but also optimize the industrial structure,bring in foreign investment and promote overseas investment,enhance human capital and ease employment issues.In addition,the internationalization of higher education also improve cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries through students and teachers' internationalization,scientific exchanges and cooperation,and internatio popularity of higher education institutes;as a diplomacy service means,the internationalization of higher education is also helpful for China to improve international competitiveness,enhance international understanding,and expand the scope of international relations,so as to establish new political partnership etc..Under the background of economic globalization,it is the Chinese government and universities that are facing the internationalization of higher education,establishing a system of internationalization of higher education adapted to the country's social,economic,and political development,and promoting the “two-class” construction of Chinese universities as soon as possible.The important task is also to contribute to improving China's overall strength and international competitiveness.The development course of higher education in China has undergone many twists and turns.After experiencing several stages of development,such as the initial stage,the rapid development stage,the overall stagnation period and the rapid development stage after reform and opening up,the internationalization of higher education in China has achieved initial success.However,from the general point of view,the internationalization of higher education in China is still in its infancy.Compared with the vigorous development of the internationalization of higher education of the developed countries,China still faces many problems,such as: low level of internationalization,slow process,imbalance between input and output,overseas students with disordered education levels,and the uneven distribution of areas where those students are,and the result is that China's economic value of internationalizationof higher education has been not achieved,international reputation of higher education and the soft power of culture lack international competitiveness.In view of the limitations of the quality of higher education in our country,China is at a disadvantage in the international competition of higher education,and the international situation is not optimistic.With the accelerating process of globalization,the opportunities and challenges of the internationalization of higher education in China coexist.Based on the above research background and realistic basis,this paper focuses on the overall situation of higher education.Firstly,it analyzes the current debate on the concept of internationalization of higher education,summarizes scholars' views,and finally it gives a fairly comprehensive concept of internationalization of higher education.It also rearranges the development process of internationalization of higher education in China and analyzes the international environment and current situation that our internationalization of higher education is facing.Secondly,from the perspective of the internationalization of higher education and economic and social macro relations,it theoretically analyzes the effect of higher education's nationalization,divides the effects of internationalization of higher education into four aspects to expound: economic effect,cultural effect,social effect and political effect.Focusing on the analysis of the economic effects of the internationalization of higher education,introducing the international mobility of students into the endogenous economic growth model,and under a series of hypothesis,it theoretically analyzes the overall economic effects of the countries with students out and in and economic interest distribution between the two countries.The results show that the internationalization of higher education is beneficial to two countries as a whole.However,the distribution of such gains between the two countries depends on parameters such as international rate and foreign retention rate.It is possible that both countries benefit from each other,and it is also possible that a country will benefit from a country's loss.In the model,it discusses short-term horizontal effect and long-term growth effect of students' international mobility.Receiving large quantities of net inflows of foreign students will reduce its incomes in the short term,but it will bring benefits in the long run.The higher the ratio of foreign students being employed in the country,the shorter the time it takes to benefit.As a result,in the decision-making process countries that value short-term benefits are more inclined to limit the inflow of foreign students.It provides theoretical support for the development of the next step of the internationalization of higher education.Thirdly,based on the national macro-statistical data,an empirical analysis of the economic and cultural effects of the internationalization of higher education was conducted.(1)Using the mediating effect model to study how the internationalization of higher education has an impact on economic development through mediating variables,it was found that the mediating effect of the number of foreign students coming to China on the increase of the tertiary industry is mainly reflected in the total trade in services and foreign investment.The student-pupil ratio and unemployment rate have an impact on economic growth.The mediating effect of the number of international students studying abroad on the increase of the tertiary industry is mainly reflected in the impact on economic growth through the influence of three intermediary variables: total service trade,foreign investment,and unemployment;The mediating effect of the number of returned overseas students on the growth of the tertiary industry is reflected in the impact on economic growth through the impact of total trade in services,foreign investment,student-teacher ratio,and unemployment rate.(2)Using the VAR model to study the impulse response of higher education internationalization to economic growth under the impact of disturbances.As a result,it can be found that when the value of service trade,foreign investment,and student-teacher ratio were added to the VAR model based on the value added by the tertiary industry,the number of students coming to China,the number of students studying abroad,and the number of students returning from overseas,they were distracters.The direction of influence has not changed.That is,the increase in the value of the third industry in the number of students studying in China has always been a positive and positive impact;the number of students studying abroad has always been a significant negative impediment to the added value of the tertiary industry;Increasing the value is always a significant positive booster effect.(3)Using the structural equation model,the cultural effects of the internationalization of higher education were statistically analyzed.The results show that the internationalization of students and internationalization of research are positively related to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.The international flow of teachers has no direct impact on Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges,but it can promote Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges by influencing the internationalization of students and the internationalization of scientific research.Finally,by comparing and analyzing the development history ofinternationalization of higher education in the key developed countries,summing up their experience,and according to China's economic development and the actual situation of internationalization of education,it puts forward practical suggestions and operational policies and measures,wishing to make a contribution to a better development of internationalization of higher education in China.