Analysis On The Theoretical Path Of The Criticism On The Educational System In Late Qing And The Early Republic Of China

The establishment of Yin-yan educational system and the promulgation of Kui-mao educational system in late Qing,as well as the Four-Educational System of the Ren-zi Hui-chou in the early period of The Repulic of China,were the fundamental shift of modern Chinese educational system,which marked the beginning of our educational system's entering a period of institutionalization and systematization.From late Qing to early Republic of China,Yin-yan educational system,Kui-mao educational system,Renzi-kuichou educational system and Ren-shu educational system were set up.One of the most important characteristics was the frequent changes of the educational systems,which not only showed its core position in the whole national educational system but also reflected the profound impact of the changes on political structure of state on the educational systems.Chinese modern educational sy'stems were the products of westernization,which had experienced the evolution.The Ren-yin educational system and the Kui-yi educational system followed Japanese educational system,and Renzi-kuichou educational system continued to imitate Japan in the late Qing Dynasty and it gradually began to imitate Europe and the United States,and the Ren-shu educational sy'stem comprehensively imitated the educational system of USA at last.The reformation of the modern educational system,because of the differences in political system,social environment,target model,and formulation subjects,had caused great differences in the educational purposes,academic years and curriculum settings of different academic systems.Promulgation of each academic structure had significant impact on different walks of life and different social groups,so it was great concerned by all walks of life.According to the different understanding of educational thoughts,educational understanding,educational orientation and the Western educational systems,people standing in a different positions commented on,questioned and criticized on the new educational systems,so that they expressed their different opinions of educational system problems.The comments and criticisms were not only a kind of attention and reflection on educational system problems,but also a kind of protest by the social group it represented.As a result,a series of contradictions and conflicts had occurred between critics of academic system and the formulators.According to the suggestions and advice of the criticizers,the policy-making department needs to correct different kinds of problems during the implementation process,which can perfect the system of education and realize the modern transformation and overall development of Chinese education.Therefore,the criticisms of educational systems were one of the most important motivations to promote the reformation and development of modern educational systems.The criticisms of educational systems during the period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China were a reflection of people's concern,evaluation and contention for the leadership and value standards of education reformation.They stemmed from the social environment.The changes of the political systems were the most important factor in the reformation of the academic systems,and they were also an extremely important environmental basis for the criticisms of the educational systems.The educational background,life experience,and work experience of the subject of criticism,especially the experience of accepting the thoughts of western democracy and education,were the cognitive foundation for educational criticism.The emergence and rapid development of modern media such as newspapers,magazines,educational societies,etc.,were significant channels and ways for the criticisms of educational system to spread.The criticisms of educational systems during the period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China were a reflection of conflicts and blends that kept Chinese features and learn the modernity from western countries.The essence of criticism is the dispute between the thoughts of Chinese education and that of the west.The result is the disappearance of the central position of chinese traditional thought of education.The criticisms of educational systems during the period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China revealed the tortuous and arduous process of Chinese educational systems from its birth to its gradual maturity and its transition from tradition to modernity.The birth of modern educational systems,especially the Ren-shu educational system,established the basic content framework of Chinese modern educational system and was a symbol of the transformation of Chinese education from modern education to contemporary education,which has made a great difference on the development of modern education in China.