A Study On Social Stratification Of Retired Athletes In Shanghai From The Perspective Of Capital

In the process of the development of competitive sports,the problem of retired athletes is an eternal issue,which is often discussed.The problem of retired athletes not only concerns the sustainable and healthy development of competitive sports,but also determines the fundamental trend of the development of competitive sports in China.Therefore,the position of retired athletes in the social structure has become an important indicator to measure the sustainable and healthy development of China's competitive sports,or the last kilometer to test the development of China's competitive sports.Therefore,how to carry out effective intervention on all kinds of capitals condensed on athletes is the core of solving the problem of social integration of retired athletes.The current pattern that Chins adopt in dealing with the social integration of retired athlete group is consequential intervention strategy model.It is policy settlement,education settlement and monetary resettlement policy which consist of three consequential intervention strategies are taken at the time node near retirement of athletes.The procedural social integration intervention of athlete group shows a certain lag.In sociological research,according to the three-dimensional capital theoretical model proposed by Luthans and other scholars,social status acquisition and other relevant theories,the status acquisition of social individuals is determined by the three kinds of capital stock they possess,which are human capital stock,social capital stock and psychological capital stock.Therefore,this research combines the theory of life course,status and three-dimensional capital theory,adopts the combination of qualitative and quantitative and employs theoretical interpretation combined with empirical analysis method.The research reveals the relationship characteristic between three capital stocks and its current social status acquisition,explore specific direction of social status of different types of athletes pointedly to help the benign social integration of retired athletes in Shanghai.The main contents of this study are as follows:(1)Three scales suitable for measuring human capital,social capital and psychological capital of athletes are revised;(2)The characteristics of social status of retired athletes in Shanghai are overall outlined and described(3)The characteristics of human capital,social capital and psychological capital of different types of athlete group under perspective of social status acquisition are presented.(4)The relationship between the three-dimensional capital and social status acquisition is analyzed on the basis of relationship between three-dimensional capital of athlete group.Through logical reasoning and practical investigation,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the stable middle and upper middle layers and high mobility ratio depict the static and dynamic picture of retired athletes in the social structure of Shanghai.To some extent,it shows the overall good trend of social integration of retired athletes in Shanghai,and also indicates that there is still room for improvement in promoting the positive social integration of retired athletes in Shanghai.Secondly,the human capital stock is generally different among different types of athletes and among athletes in different social stratum after retirement.This athlete group was verified in a larger extent of human capital which can help reproduce the social status after retirement at the same time.It also provides exact direction pointedly for the human capital of different types of athletes.It should set intervention measures aiming to weak dimension of capital stock preferentially according to the characteristics of capital stock of different types of athletes.Thirdly,for retired athletes,there is a great contrast between different types of groups in the amount of social capital.The phenomenon of high social stratum distribution accompanied by high social capital stock has become a "social fact".This result potentially indicates that high social capital occupation is beneficial to the good social integration of retired athletes,and it also clarifies the specific direction for the improvement of the overall social capital of related different types of athletes and the pertinence of each dimension.Fourthly,the psychological capital stock of different types of athletes is obviously different,and the psychological capital stock of retired athletes in different social stratum is obviously differentiated.This conclusion not only shows that the high psychological capital stock of athletes contributes to the reproduction of their social status after retirement to a large extent,but also lays an early theoretical foundation for the direction of psychological capital intervention strategies for different types of athletes.Fifthly,there is a positive relationship between the three-dimensional capital condensed on the athlete group,and different capital has different degrees of promotion on the social status of athletes after retirement.On one hand,it verifies that the three-dimensional capital theory has a good theoretical explanatory ability among the athlete group,and on the other hand,it also provides theoretical support for the overall strategy system of three-dimensional capital intervention in the athlete group.Based on the above research conclusions,the research suggestions are as follows:(1)It should try to change the thinking of consequential intervention to solve the problem of athlete retirement,based on the subjectivity of athletes,and realize the shift from group perspective to individual perspective in the research of sociology of sports.(2)It should strengthen the athletes vocational training,psychological counseling,employment guidance and other aspects,especially pay attention to the targeted intervention of social adaptability of athletes and psychological adaptation after retirement.(3)It should explore the comprehensive realistic strategy of the three-dimensional capital improvement of the athletes,and give priority to the development of targeted intervention measures for the psychological capital of athletes.(4)The evaluation,monitoring and evaluation system of three-dimensional capital in the process of athlete training should be established,and an attempt should be made to establish a feedback system for the lifelong status of retired athletes.