Non-equilibrium Behaviors In Transient Phenomena In Neutron Stars And Neutron Star Physics

Neutron star(NS)is one of the center of astrophysics research,ever since its discovery about 50 years ago,research on neutron stars has yielded fruitful achievements.Much progress have been made on its classification,thermal evolution,maximum mass,maxi-mum radius and moment of inertia,however,many of these quantities are determined by multiple factors,and if these quantities are used to constrain some other properties of NS,the possible uncertainty may be hard to be decided.Research on the response of NS to some transient phenomenon could be another way.Type ? X-ray bursts in Low mass X-ray binary system(LMXB)and glitches in pul-sars are both typical transient phenomenon,these two kinds of transient phenomena are detected frequently and the number of samples are large enough for a detailed research.Fitting of NS spectrum in quietness and research on photosphere radius expansion(PRE)can be used to constrain the mass and radius of NS,besides,it can also constrain the heat conduction properties as the NS spectrum in quietness is close to a black-body spectrum and reflects the cooling of NS crust.The glitch phenomena is thought to be the result of transfer of angular momentum when the crust superfluid vortices unpin from the crust suddenly(core superfluid vortices may also be involved in large glitches),thus the moment of inertia of the crust can also serve as a constraint on NS equation of state.There are some research on Urca process in accreting NS crust which indicate the presence of much stronger neutrino cooling than that expected at zero temperature ap-proximation,if true,the existence of strong crust neutrino cooling may greatly affect the heat conduction properties determined by NS cooling in quietness.We further explore the effect of compression on Urca shells in Type ? X-ray bursters and superburst sources,our results show that most Urca shells will not be in a chemical equilibrium state,a small chemical departure will appear,for most Urca pairs,the neutrino emissivity will be slightly enhanced.Besides,we explained the unique delayed spin-up and persistent shift phenomena which have only been detected in the Crab pulsar at the time of this writing as Cooper pair breaking driven by chemical departure induced by glitch itself,this physical picture can unify the short-timescale delayed spin-up and the long-timescale persistent shift.We also present a statistic study on post-glitch observable.A research on the delayed spin-up timescales and the persistent shift in several glitches may constrain the gap energy of neutrons in inner core of NS,the spin lag between the faster rotating superfluid component and the crust,besides,the polytropic index of equation of state in outer core,these results may open a new window into inner core NS physics.