| China’s export trade has exploded since the reform and opening up.In 2019,China’s total exports reached 172298 billion yuan.China has maintained the status of the world’s largest exporter of goods for eleven consecutive years.Although "made in China" has achieved remarkable"quantitative performance" in the global market,the disadvantages of the traditional extensive,resource-consuming economy and trade development model have gradually emerged for a long time.On the one hand,extensive growth mode has caused serious environmental problems.In the face of the severe environmental situation,General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important instructions on the construction of ecological civilization many times since the 18th National Congress of the Party.A series of top-level designs have been issued one after another,the construction of ecological civilization in China has been continuously strengthened,and the intensity of environmental regulation in China has been increasing.At the eighth National Congress on Ecological Environment Protection which held in 2018,General Secretary Xi Jinping personally draw the road map and timetable for the construction of "Beautiful China",and made it clear that" to ensure that by 2035,the quality of the ecological environment will be fundamentally improved,and the goal of beautiful China will be basically realized".According to the traditional economic theory,the enhancement of environmental regulation means that enterprises will pay the corresponding cost for their own emission behavior,so the production and operation of enterprises are affected,export enterprises are no exception.In this context,it is urgent to analyze the impact of environmental regulation on the export scale.On the basis of this,explore what measures should be taken to improve the environmental quality while realizing the expansion of the export scale.On the other hand,participates the international value chain production link with the low-tech and labor-intensive mode,which makes the current Chinese export products appear the phenomenon of "low-end locking".The Outline of the National Plan for the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan clearly states that it is necessary to "accelerate the transformation of foreign trade development methods,adjust the structural,consolidate and enhance the traditional competitive advantages of foreign trade,cultivate new advantages in foreign trade competition with technology,standards,brands,quality,and services as the core,promote the transformation of foreign trade into high-quality with competitive prices,consolidate the status of a major trading power and promote the process of strengthening the trading power".Therefore,for some time to come,it is not only a critical period to solve the outstanding problems of ecological environment,but also a window to change foreign trade mode.In this context,it is urgent to probes deeply into the influence mechanism of environmental regulation on export technology complexity and explores what measures should be taken to realize the win-win situation.To sum up,this paper combines linear modeling technology and nonlinear modeling technology,starting from the two dimensions of export scale and export technology complexity,repeatedly demonstrates the impact of environmental regulation on export.The impact of environmental regulation on export trade is a hot issue in the field of environmental economics and the field of international trade.Specifically,this paper focuses on the theme of "environmental regulation and development of China’s export trade",study the impact of environmental regulation on export scale and its transmission mechanism based on Chinese city-level data firstly.Secondly,discuss the differential impact of environmental regulation on export scale under different degree of marketization and innovation ability.The impact mechanism of environmental regulation on export technology complexity was studied based on data from the Chinese manufacturing industry thirdly.Finally,we discuss the impact of environmental regulation on export technology complexity under different financing constraints and human capital levels.This paper aims to systematically evaluate and comprehensively review the relationship between environmental regulation and export scale,the relationship between environmental regulation and export technology complexity.Besides,seeks theoretical support and provides corresponding decision-making basis for the formulation of future trade and environmental policies.The main research work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.Analysis of the impact of environmental regulation on export scale and its mediation effectThis paper first analyzes the direct impact of environmental regulations on export scale and the indirect impact through urban productivity theoretically.Secondly,this paper based on the data of 229 cities in China from 2004 to 2017,using the sys-gmm estimation method and the mediation effect model to discuss the impact of environmental regulations on the scale of exports and the transmission mechanism.Finally,all cities are divided into cities in the eastern region,cities in the central region,and cities in the western region to discuss the common points and heterogeneity of the influence.The results show:(1)As far as the regression results of the total sample are concerned,on one hand,the direct impact and comprehensive impact of environmental regulations on the scale of exports are negative,indicating that the increase in the intensity of environmental regulations is not conducive to the exports.On the other hand,productivity plays a role of "partial mediation effect"between environmental regulation and urban export scale.Part of the negative impact of environmental regulation on export scale is transmitted through productivity.(2)As for the regression results of different samples,the impact of environmental regulations on export scales has both commonalities and differences in different regions.In terms of common points,the impact of environmental regulations on export scales in each region is negative.In terms of different points,the impact of urban environmental regulations on export scale is the weakest in the eastern region,followed by the central region,and the western region’s environmental regulations have the strongest inhibitory effect on export scale.2.A further discussion:how to reduce the negative impact of environmental regulations on export scaleThis paper explores the impact of environmental regulation on the scale of exports from a non-linear perspective.Specifically,this article constructing an interactive model,using the system generalized moment estimation(sys-gmm)estimation method,to explore the non-linear impact of environmental regulation on the scale of exports at different levels of marketization and city innovation ability.The research results in this paper show that:(1)Under different degrees of marketization,the impact of environmental regulations on the exports scale has both the same points and differences.In terms of commonality,regardless of the degree of marketization,the impact of environmental regulations on exports scale is negative.In terms of differences,environmental regulations have a stronger inhibitory effect on the scale of exports in cities with a lower degree of marketization.In other words,marketization has played a significant positive regulating role between environmental regulation and export scale.(2)The impact of environmental regulation on exports scale is not the same in different urban innovation ability.In the city with low innovation capacity,the negative impact of environmental regulations on exports scale is strong.When the innovation capacity is the lowest,the impact of environmental regulations on the scale of exports is-0.427.When the innovation capacity is at the highest level,the negative impact of environmental regulations on the exports scale reduced to-0.288.3.Research on the influence mechanism of environmental regulation on export technical complexityThis paper firstly divides the technological progress path into independent innovation,overseas technology introduction and domestic technology introduction.Then based on the 2005-2015 cross-industry panel data of China’s 27 manufacturing industries,constructs a static panel mediation effect model and a dynamic panel mediation effect model.Lastly,analyze the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on the technical complexity of exports from three channels.The results show that:(1)Whether in the static panel model or the dynamic panel model,the impact of environmental regulations on the export technical complexity is significantly negative,which means the increase in the intensity of environmental regulations will inhibit the upgrade of export technologies.(2)As for the mechanism of the impact environmental regulation on export technical complexity,the increase in the intensity of environmental regulations negatively affects the export technical complexity by squeezing R&D expenditures.Specifically,when enterprises faced the pressure of environmental regulations,independent innovation expenditures,overseas technology introduction expenditures and domestic technology introduction expenditures were all crowded out.Therefore export technology complexity was reduced.4.A further discussion:how to achieve a win-win situation for environment optimization and export technology upgrading.This paper continues to explore the non-linear impact of environmental regulation on export technology complexity under different conditions.Specifically,this article uses the degree of financing constraints and the level of human capital as threshold variables.The panel threshold regression model is used to sequentially discuss the non-linear impact of environmental regulations on export technologies complexity in different degree of financing constraints and human capital.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)From the perspective of financing constraints,the impact of environmental regulations on export technology complexity shows a significant nonlinear trend.When the financing constraint value is less than 3.460,which means the degree of financing constraints is high.The impact of environmental regulations on export technical complexity is significantly negative,with an impact coefficient of-0.250.When the degree of financing constraints reaches the threshold,the impact of environmental regulations on export technologies complexity undergoes a systemic change.The impact coefficient of environmental regulation on export technology complexity has changed to 0.016,but this impact is not significant.(2)From the perspective of human capital,the impact of environmental regulation on export technology complexity has a significant non-linear characteristic.When the degree of human capital below 2.900,the negative impact of environmental regulations on export technology complexity is strong.When the human capital level over 2.900,the impact of environmental regulation on technical complexity exports change from negative to positive.In other words,in a higher level of human capital industry,strengthen environmental regulation can enhance the export technology complexity. |
PDF Full Text Request