| Since the reform and opening up,my country’s economic growth has achieved remarkable results,with an average annual growth rate of 9.4% from 1979 to 2018.At the same time,my country’s agricultural modernization process is also accelerating.With the improvement of the level of agricultural production and the development of modern agriculture intensification and scale,while agriculture provides a guarantee for economic and social development,it also causes environmental pollution.Rural environmental pollution mainly includes four aspects: agricultural non-point source pollution,domestic garbage pollution,township enterprise pollution,and ecological environment damage.Among them,the more prominent problem is agricultural non-point source pollution.The problem of agricultural non-point source pollution mainly comes from agricultural production wastes such as fertilizers,pesticides,and mulch film,and rural domestic pollutants in the modern agricultural production process.Among them,mulching film has obvious effects of drought prevention,temperature increase,moisture preservation,salt control,and weed control.Since it was introduced from Japan in the late 1970 s,it has been applied on a large scale in my country,especially in the arid and cold areas of the north.The advantages are more obvious.However,agricultural plastic mulch film has a serious residual problem due to its own difficulty in degradability and imperfect recycling mechanism.According to the monitoring data of the former Ministry of Agriculture in 2016,all of my country’s film-covered farmland soils have varying degrees of mulching film residues.In some areas,the average residue per mu can reach 4-20 kg,and the average residue per mu of individual plots can reach more than 30 kg.In the face of the report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that “implement the most stringent ecological and environmental protection system”and the requirements of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee to“promote a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development”,the problem of farmland “white pollution” has become a constraint to high-quality economic development one of the important factors.Environmental regulatory policies are critical to the high-quality development of my country’s economy,especially in the central and western regions.Due to the information asymmetry and the negative externalities of environmental pollution,it is difficult to effectively solve residual membrane pollution by the market alone.It is need to rely on environmental regulations and policies to correct “market failures”.In addition,based on field survey data and related research by some scholars,combined with farmers’ understanding of agricultural film recycling and agricultural film recycling regulatory policies,it can be seen that the existing agricultural film recycling regulatory policies are still less effective in promoting agricultural film recycling and resource utilization.It is not ideal,it is urgent to carry out relevant research to explore the key factors to improve the farmers’ plastic film recycling behavior.In view of this,this article takes Xinjiang cotton farmers’ agricultural film recycling behavior as the research object,and obtains 1029 valid questionnaires through field research.On the basis of affirming the contributions of existing documents,based on the environmental regulation policy context of agricultural film recycling,a“value perception——the effect of increasing income—recycling decisions—compensation and incentives” analysis framework,and gradually developed.Firstly,by constructing an unrestricted generalized sequential Logit model to explore the cotton farmers’ perception of the value of agricultural film recycling and its influencing factors;Secondly,the endogenous transformation regression model is used to empirically test the influencing factors of cotton farmers’ participation in agricultural film recycling and the impact on their income level;Then,use the Probit model to study the impact of agricultural film recycling regulatory policies on cotton farmers’ agricultural film recycling decision-making and analyze the differences in their regulatory tools.Third,in the context of environmental regulation policies,the conditional value assessment method and the Heckman choice model are used to explore the willingness and willingness of cotton farmers to pay for their agricultural film recycling behavior,and the quantile regression model is further used to find the key factors that affect the willingness of cotton farmers to be compensated.Finally,put forward countermeasures and suggestions for formulating or perfecting agricultural film recycling regulations.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1)The positive externalities of agricultural film recycling and resource utilization and the negative externalities of residual film pollution make the market usually“failure”,which in turn makes it difficult for the economic,ecological and social value of agricultural film recycling to fully rely on market mechanisms.At the same time,in order to minimize their own costs and maximize their benefits,farmers as the main body of the micro-economy have expanded the scale of production and operation and relied on occupying more environmental pollution capacity in exchange for more economic profits.To this end,the use of government environmental regulations(guidance,subsidies,and penalties)to encourage farmers to recycle agricultural film and restrict residual film pollution is to a large extent an effective means to realize the rational allocation of resources in the agricultural film recycling market.(2)All the soils of film-covered farmland in my country have residues of agricultural film to varying degrees.Residual agricultural film will not only reduce the yield of crops,but also endanger the safety of human and animal lives and affect the rural ecological environment.The main difficulties and challenges facing the recycling of agricultural film are: farmers’ lack of awareness of the recycling and utilization of agricultural film;the applicability of agricultural film recycling machinery is low;government support for the recycling of agricultural film is low;agricultural film recycling Regulations and policies need to be optimized.(3)The value of agricultural film recycling has been recognized by most cotton farmers,but its value has not been fully reflected,especially the cognition of economic value.It is specifically embodied as: ecological value>social value>economic value,the proportions of which are 82.02%,74.34%,and 55.40% respectively.In addition,in the weight of value perception indicators,the weight of economic value is greater than the sum of social value and ecological value,which are 0.509%,0.285%,and 0.206%,respectively.Although the important factors that affect cotton farmers’ perceptions of the ecological value,economic value,and social value of agricultural film recycling are slightly different,the factors that affect cotton farmers’ cognition of various values are: technology demonstration households,formal education level,and physical health.Status,family cotton planting area,family non-agricultural income,importance of agricultural film recycling policy,attention degree of agricultural film recycling policy,and the effects of various influencing factors are significantly positive.(4)The agricultural income of cotton farmers participating in agricultural film recycling was 0.488 higher than that of cotton farmers not participating in agricultural film recycling,the proportion was 22.57%;In the corps area,the agricultural income of the workers who participated in agricultural film recycling increased by 0.513,or 24.20%,compared with those who did not.The empirical results show that: First,the level of education,the degree of understanding of polluting plastics recycling regulation policy,says polluting plastics recycling takes money,village cadres to polluting plastics recycling operations support degree,the government on the degree of reasonable not reasonable disposal of agricultural behavior punishment,the government relating to the demonstration of agricultural recycling variables of farmers to participate in polluting plastics recycling has significant positive influence on action;Second,the cotton planting area,whether to join professional cooperatives and the understanding of regulatory policies have a significant impact on their income;Third,the heterogeneity estimation results showed that the corps workers were more active in the agricultural film recycling and resource utilization.(5)The recycling of agricultural film has been recognized by most cotton farmers.The proportion of recycled residual film is 64.53%.Among them,mechanical recycling accounts for 53.46% of the total residual film recycling method.24.49% of cotton farmers visited.In addition,through the regression analysis of the impact of environmental regulations on cotton farmers’ agricultural film recycling decisions and different agricultural film recycling methods,it is concluded that the effects of agricultural film recycling regulatory policy tools on cotton farmers’ agricultural film recycling decisions and different agricultural film recycling methods are in order of magnitude.Incentive regulation>guided regulation>binding regulation.According to the amount of environmental regulation information,the order is incentive regulation> restrictive regulation> guiding regulation.(6)Most cotton farmers hold a positive attitude towards the agricultural film recycling compensation policy.96.89% of cotton farmers are willing to accept a certain amount of compensation as an incentive to participate in the agricultural film recycling action.Using non-parametric estimation methods,the compensation level of cotton farmers’ willingness to participate in the recovery of agricultural film is calculated to be 26.74～27.60 yuan/mu.Using the parameter estimation method,it is calculated that the amount of compensation for the cotton farmers participating in the agricultural film recycling operation is 26.57 yuan/mu.Reasonable compensation standards are the prerequisite for ensuring the effects of the compensation policy for farmers.The individual and family characteristics of cotton farmers,cost benefits,system and interpersonal trust,regulatory cognition and influence are important for the willingness of cotton farmers to participate in the recycling of agricultural film and the amount of compensation Influencing factors.Based on the research conclusions,combined with questionnaire surveys,corresponding policy recommendations are put forward:(1)Clarify the goal of leaving the field and reduce the difficulty of recycling from the source;(2)Adjust or improve the agricultural film recycling regulations to ensure that incentives and constraints are parallel;(3)Develop reasonable compensation for residual film recycling Standards to ensure the implementation effects of farmers’ compensation policies;(4)Innovate the publicity methods of regulatory policies to improve farmers’ value awareness;(5)Guide or standardize professional cooperatives and give full play to the role of social service organizations;(6)Speed up the development and promotion of residual film recycling machinery,Promote the application of dry farming technology in a timely manner;(7)Give full play to the role of grassroots executives to improve the recycling system of waste agricultural film. |
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