Multi-Hazard Simulation Of Building Clusters Based On City Information Model

Generally,buildings in a built environment may encounter various potential hazards(e.g.,natural hazards such as wind and earthquake,unpredictable public safety events like the COVID-19 epidemic)at any given time.Scientific prediction of the impact of multiple hazards on building clusters is of great significance for facilitating the rational deployment of disaster prevention resources and improving the disaster resisitance of cities.With regard to the multi-hazard simulation of building clusters,following works are performed:(1)Based on the city information model(CIM),a multi-hazard simulation framework covering buildings of different scales(i.e.,building clusters and some important individual buildings among them that demand for a high-resolution analysis)is proposed.In the CIM of the target area,information of individual buildings is stored as the building information model,while the geographic information system is used to manage the building cluster data.The proposed framework realizes the high-efficiency data transformation from CIM to physics-based models for four kinds of hazards(i.e.,wind,earthquake,fire and COVID-19 epidemic).In addition,the levels of detail(LODs)of CIM required for different hazards are discussed.(2)With regard to the comfort of built environment in wind hazards,a comprehensive evaluation method of both occupant comfort indoors and pedestrian-level wind comfort outdoors for high-rise building clusters is proposed.Based on the LOD-2 CIM,the large eddy simulation technology,the nonlinear multiple-degree-of freedom structural models,and the city-scale time history analysis method are assembled to predict the wind-induced vibrations of high-rise building clusters.The occupant comfort can thus be evaluated based on building response data,and meanwhile the pedestrian-level wind comfort can be assessed based on wind speed results.(3)With respect to the wind damage prediction,a near real-time simulation method of wind-induced tree damage at a city scale is proposed.Based on the LOD-1 CIM,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation method that can consider the tree effect on wind fields is combined with the tree mechanistic model to predict the wind-induced tree damage in a near real time through the scenario bank-based simulation strategy.(4)Furthermore,a near real-time simulation method of wind-induced damage to building clusters is also proposed.Based on the LOD-3 CIM,the CFD simulation and the mechanistic models of three non-structural components are used to predict the damage ratio of components for each building in the target area through a Monte Carlo process.Besides,the tree effect on the component damage prediction results is discussed.(5)Regarding the seismic resilience assessment,an operational quantitative evaluation method for community resilience is proposed.Based on the LOD-4CIM and city-scale time history analysis method,the seismic resilience level of communities can be quantified through the method for extracting and estimating component information,and the proposed evaluation strategy that can consider the varieties of building functions.(6)With regard to the COVID-19 epidemic,a LOD-4 CIM-based high-efficiency simulation method to analyze the impact of the exhaust air from COVID-19 temporary hospitals is proposed.The proposed method is adaptive and incorporates building information with different LODs during various design phases of the hospital.The Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital is selected as an example to illustrate the application of the method in promoting the rapid construction of hospitals.