The Study Of City Building In Sung Dynasty

The circumvallation was the city outer-ring structure,the main defense system of a city and the centre of the city building. Owing to the impact of policy,diplomatism and economy factors,the policy of building circumvallation had been in adjustment in the Sung dynasty. In order to eliminated abuse of Five Dynasties’abruption. Sung effectted the policy of "Qiangganruozhi" --destroied some of wall and builded capital’s, espetically in the "TaiZong’ period. With the tension between Sung and Liao,Xia, border area circumvallationa became main policy of city management in Northern Sung Dynasty. Southern Sung Dynasty have emphasized circumvallation’s building and insisted the policy that didn’t repair the city of middle and small cities. In the argument of repairing city’s advantages and disadvantages, sopporters thaught that should resist a cavalryman by the circumvallation or reinforced local public security; Opponents taught that "it’s more useful in morals than Place steep and strategically important ", repairing a city been liked to gave out secret to enemy,add the burden to the public, lead to armed forces disperse.The plans picture is the basis of building a circumvallation, the most important evidence that central authority department checking on quality and examining building’s cost and the important information source that central authority examin the local city wall plans. Building the circumvallation involved many organs, includes Privy Council, the Ministry of "Hu", "Gong".and "Bing" in the central, main functional departments is the Ministry of "Gong". All of local govement involved local wall construction.The circumvallation quality directly inspected city wall life and defense function. the Sung Dynasty government taking building process seriously.The city wall is confronted with natural calamities and wars,and firearms has destroyed circumvallation.It’s degree increasing abruptly.The fund, labour and material of Sung Dynasty fortification adopt various measures.With regard to fund and materialthe of circumvallation, it’s two facts:The central government sometimes uses the way appropriating material and the fund’s directly.sometimes adopt the way that give out certificate and betraying official rank; But local government may cost other fees,or apported to the public at fastive year. The government has reinforced examinin account of building city wall.Sung Dynasty dispatches the"Xiangjun" or other "Jinjun" build and reapair city, and recruits or calls up financial resources of the people was frequent on Sungdynasty.The Sung Dynasty circumvallation judges by the building material includ the soil city, brick city, rock city, bamboo city and so on, it’s structure contants body,door, city-gate tower,"ditai"(or been called the "Mamian" and "Xingcheng"),"Dilou", crenel("Nvqiang","Duokou","Bini"),"Soldierhole","Sheep-horse-wall", "Wengcheng" "month-city","Tuanlou"("Dituan"),"fightingshed","drawbridge","Wanrendi","Dengchengmada o", "escape canal", "protect wall" and so on,they were forming entire defense. On the building process, altitude, thickness and slope were the three main technology data d esign about the body of circumvallation is more actual and science.The tactics theory about defending the city developed fast in Sung Dynasty."ShouChenglu" is the first book about defend the city in history of our country. Sung Dynasty has invented and applied various arms and apparatus defending the citySung Dynasty gets many victoris in defending such as De An county, Shun Chang county, DiaoYu city, Xiang Fan City. The building and defending of circumvallation is the key to the Southern Sung Dynasty government. But the rottem of politics has affected the actual effection of Sung Dynasty’s city.The function of Sung Dynasty city have obvious changed than before,it’s public security and tourism funcation was obvious day by day.