The Limitation Of Transcendental Phenomenology

For the interpretation of a phenomenological metaphysics and its relation to phenomenology(no matter transcendental phenomenology in narrow sense or the philosophy of appearance in widest sense),there is an inevitable reference standard:To what way it can respond to the criticism by Heidegger that phenomenology forgets Being.This dissertation aims to discuss Husserl’s metaphysics of original facticity in this respondent context,and finally finds that this new doctrine makes exactly the concealment of Being appear,and that Husserl thereby redefines the word metaphysics in a sense deeper than that for Heidegger.According to Husserl’s conception of history of philosophy,the relation between classic metaphysics and phenomenology is a teleological history from conceptional fiction to intuitional evidence.Compared with that,the "on-theo-logical constitution of metaphysics" raised by Heidegger is the circle between the founding(Gründen)of beings by Being and the grounding(Begründen)of Being by beings,namely Austrag,which can perhaps be properly understood as togetherness of Being(Sein)and How(Wie).As a respondence to this togetherness,metaphysics inevitably muddles "Being" and "How",specifically construes "Being" by "How",and exactly this identity determines the historical fate of oblivion of Being.Husserl epoches the prejudices,which are traditionally acquired and not grounded by original intuitive evidence,and finally clarifies an absolute intuition without prerequisite.However,this backtracking to intuition can’t rescue Husserl from oblivion of Being.As a kind of directly capturing consciousness,intuition is set(Setzen),through which beings are given and set(gestellt)before(vor)me.Therefore beings are understood as objects of representation(Vorstellung),and Being is identified with representedness(Vorgestelltheit).Exactly in this dilemma of phenomenology comes a new metaphysics.Husserl understands his "working philosophy" as a layered system,at top of which the "higher stage problems"or simply "metaphysical issues" stand.Husserl’s layered system is not a incestuous philosophical system in traditianal sense,but a systematic indication of the relations between different working area of philosophy.The sense of layered relations between different problematics lies in that the process of philosphizing goes from the lower to the higher,and therefore,as higher stage problems,metaphysical issues can be solved only upon the basis of the lower achievement of phenomenology.In this sense,the new metaphysics is qualified to be called a phenemenological metaphysics.How can a thing grounded on phenomenology solve the dilemma of phenomenology?The key to understand this problem is to grasp the unique significance of "grounded"here.Actually,metaphysics is supported by intuitioin,but not limited to it,which is its fundamental difference from transcendental phenomenology.It is so,because metaphysical issues are the problems of irrationality revealed in transcendental constitution of the world and spiritual life.Because these problems are revealed in transcendental constitution,they have to grounded on phenomenological intuitive evidence;because the irrationality means exactly impossiblity of backtracking to a reasonable basis,it’s impossible for these problem to be solved in the limit of transcendental phenomenology.While phenomenology conceals Being for its limitation to intuition,metaphysical subjects get rid of this concealing for their meta-intuitive character.Husserl identifies metaphysical issues with factivity,and of course it refers not to accidental empirical facts,but to the irreductive absolute facts of I and my life.The absolute facts found all empirical facts and even all essential necessities,and in this sense are called original facts(Urtatsachen)by Husserl.All selfgivennesses in phenomenological sense can be reduced to the giving of meaning by intentional consciousness and then receive essential description,and therefore pre-essential original facts are pre-givenesses.As pre-given,self grounded origin,which enable necessity,contingency,possibility,reality and other categories in ontical sense,original facts reveal themselves as the forgoten in oblivioin of Being.