A Study On The Governance Of Pannonian Provinces In The Roman Empire: 35B.C.-A.D.284

In the early days of the Roman Empire from the 1st to the 3rd century AD,Pannonia was one of the most important frontier provinces of the empire in the Danube region.Rome’s governance of this province always served the overall strategy of the empire.Due to the unique geographical environment of Pannonia and strategic positioning,Rome’s military,administrative,economic,and cultural aspects of the governance of the province are unique from those of other provinces.Roman governance of the Pannonian provinces were not unilaterally imposed,but a two-way interaction.In the crisis of the 3rd century,the military emperor who came from Pannonia tried to turn the tide and save the country from the fire and the head of state.The transition to the monarchy played a major role.This article is composed of three parts: introduction,five chapters and conclusion.The first chapter mainly elaborated on Rome’s conquest of Pannonia and suppression of the uprising,and finally established the provincial system to govern the place.During this period,the Romans successively annexed Illyria and Pannonia,but their negligence in governance led to the Pannonian uprising.The Pannonian uprising severely damaged the empire’s military expansion capabilities and forced the empire to abandon the Great Germanic Asia,from strategic expansion to strategic contraction.In order to consolidate its rule over Pannonia,Rome decided to introduce the province system into the place.The establishment of Pannonia province by Rome was an inevitable choice to serve the overall strategy of the empire.The second chapter mainly expounds Rome’s military governance of Pannonia province.The frontier defense is Rome’s most important strategic interest in Pannonia.In the face of Pannonian complex and changeable border situation,Rome adopted key regional defense systems,border defense systems,vassal systems,and defense-in-depth systems to deal with them.Rome’s three centuries of border defense construction has successfully safeguarded border security,but had to face the frequent occurrence of military interventions as a by-product of the expansion of the number and strength of the garrison.This historical phenomenon has caused a two-way impact.It not only has an inescapable responsibility for the "troubled times" of the early Roman Empire,but also provided an important foundation for the revival of the late Empire.The third chapter mainly elaborates on Rome’s administrative governance of Pannonia province.Rome inherited the general management framework of the Empire in the process of governing the provinces,and adapted measures to local conditions.In Pannonia,the urbanization movement was first promoted,and then the upper-level provincial management structure was improved to ensure that the management system established by Rome was suitable for the local social and economic development level..At the same time,Rome’s division of provinces by military factors reflects Rome’s innovation in the “divide and rule” policy,that is,“partition against the enemy”,which not only ensures that the province can cope with supplies from both sources,but also guarantees the long-term stability of imperial rule.The fourth chapter mainly expounds the economic governance of the provinces of Pannonia by Rome.Rome has practiced two economic development paths in Pannonia: the Mediterranean model and the frontier model.The difference between the two is that consumer goods mainly rely on imports or local production.The commonality is that the military plays a leading role on the consumer side.Rome adopted different development models according to specific conditions,and eventually developed a characteristic economy dominated by small and medium landlords and self-cultivating farmers,and provided a reliable source of high-quality soldiers for the middle and late empire.The fifth chapter mainly explains the Roman governance of Pannonia provinces in terms of culture.Rome did not pay much attention to Pannonian cultural governance in the 1st and 2nd centuries,which led to the prosperity of local culture.However,after the Marcomanni War,Pannonian original ethnic relationship was broken,and the intermixing of ethnic groups made the province known as the nation’s "melting pot" and accelerated the process of Romanization.At the same time,as the Pannonian soldiers succeeded in supporting Severus as emperor,the political status of the Pannonians began to rise,which strengthened the Pannonian self-identification of Roman identity,and finally completed deeply Romanized,formed the Roman-Ilyrians who had a profound influence on the policy of the later Roman empire.Throughout the three centuries of Roman governance of the Pannonian province,it has always been deeply affected by major events in the empire.The influence of the provincial army penetrated deeply into all aspects of provincial affairs.Among them,the thoroughness of Romanization was the biggest feature of Roman governance of Pannonia.Rome has a two-way influence on Pannonian governance,and the rise of the Illyrian emperors is the best performance of governance.This is because the military interventions caused by military governance established the historical genes for the rise of the Illyrian emperors,the small peasant economy caused by economic governance laid the military talent advantage for the rise of the Illyrian emperors,and the Roman-Ilyria caused by cultural governance Human patriotism laid the ideological foundation for the rise of the Illyrian emperors,and the innovative application of the "divide and rule" policy caused by economic governance laid the foundation for the “four emperors co-rule” or the “divide-rule”policy of the Illyrian emperors and later monarchs Prototype.