The Statistics Of Place Names And The Study Of Geographical Position In Oracle Bone Inscriptions Of Shang Dynasty

The study of place names in Shang Dynasty is an important foundation for the study of political territory,economy and culture,ethnic relations,military wars,social organization forms and so on.Oracle bone inscriptions are rich in content and are indispensable first-hand materials for the study of the history of Shang Dynasty.The study of place names in Shang Dynasty is an important basis for the study of political territory,economy and culture,ethnic relations,military wars,social organization forms and so on;Oracle Bone Inscriptions contain a large number of place names and Fang Guo names,which are important historical materials for the study of historical geography in Shang Dynasty.The identification,statistics and textual research of place names are the two main contents of the study of Oracle Bone names.Since the discovery of oracle bone inscriptions,scholars have paid close attention to them,and the relevant research results are fruitful.In the aspect of place name statistics,due to the limitation of materials and the difference of standards for judging place names,there are certain differences in statistical data among different schools.One of the reasons for the differences is the confusion of clan names,person names and place names.In the aspect of geographical survey,"Literature comparison method" and "stem branch connection method" are the main methods for geographical survey.However,due to the changes of ancient and modern place names and the widespread existence of the phenomenon of the same name in different places,In addition,due to the different standards of association and the lack of reliable archaeological evidence,the reference of each family is different,and the results of the survey are not the same.Most of the toponyms have not reached a consensus.Therefore,there is still a lot of research space for Oracle Bone toponyms.In recent years,with the development of oracle bone science,the number of new materials and conjugations is increasing,the interpretation of characters and texts is becoming more and more accurate,and the database construction is gradually improving,which brings new opportunities and convenience for the rearrangement and research of Oracle Bone names.Based on this,on the basis of building a complete oracle bone place name database,fully absorbing the previous research results,on the basis of accurate interpretation of the text,this paper reorganizes,counts and links the oracle bone place names,researches the location of oracle bone place names,and constructs the oracle bone place name system to the greatest extent.This paper is divided into seven chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.This chapter mainly combs the academic history of the research on oracle bone place names,and explains the research methods of this paper.The identification of the place name,the textual research of the location and the comprehensive geographical research based on the former two are the three main aspects of the study of the place name of oracle bone.The identification of place names mainly includes the statistics of the number of oracle bone place names and the textual research of the characters used in place names.The textual research of geographical location is to study where ancient place names are equivalent to today's place names.The geographical comprehensive research mainly studies the political territory,geographical division(hunting area,agricultural area,etc.),ethnic distribution,country distribution,military war,etc.of Shang Dynasty.This chapter makes a summary of the academic research from the above aspects.In addition,this chapter also explains the principles of this paper in the study of oracle bone place names and textual research.The second chapter mainly makes a re statistics of the place names in oracle bone inscriptions.On the basis of distinguishing place names from Fangguo names,clan names and personal names,we have counted 795 place names in oracle bone inscriptions,including 476 simple place names,58 regional place names or place names,60 of which are the same as Fangguo names,Hou names and Bo names,113 of which are the same as other country names or ethnic names,and 88 of which are doubtful.The third chapter studies the runoff of the Yellow River in Henan Province in the Shang Dynasty,and combs the place names near the river in oracle bone inscriptions.In the Shang Dynasty,the Yellow River flowed from the north of Zhengzhou city to the northeast of Weihui City,then to the west of Puyang County through the south of Qi county and the north of Hua county,then to the northwest through the west of Neihuang County in the west of Puyang City,and then to the North of Hebei Province.The people of Shang Dynasty took the Yellow River as the boundary,and the region near the Yellow River was divided into three regions:"the East region of the Yellow River","the west region of the Yellow River" and "the south region of the Yellow River"."He","Jiong","You","Fen","Liang","Xiang","Mao","Ju","San","Ming","Xie","Li","Gun","Dou","Fu","Qi","Wu","Ma Fang" and "Gan" in the oracle inscriptions are the place names near the river.They are mostly distributed along the Yellow River of Shang Dynasty in the north of Henan Province.The fourth chapter combs the march route of the Shang emperor's ten-year expedition to the barbarians,and makes textual research on the location of the relevant places.The main battlefield of the expedition was located in Heze City,Shandong Province,and the relevant locations were mainly distributed in the northeast of Henan Province and the southwest of Shandong Province.The fifth chapter takes some military events as a reference to make a study of the related place names.Based on the references of "Nanfengfang","Sifengfang","Genfang","Jifang","Yufang","Gongfang","Tufang","Zhaofang","Yangfang","Yinmeifang","Wu"and so on,this paper links the related events and makes textual research on the location of the involved place names.These countries were mainly distributed around the Shang Dynasty,and they mainly invaded the frontier areas of the Shang Dynasty.The sixth chapter mainly discusses the hunting land of Shang Dynasty.This chapter takes "Wei","Dun","Yu" and "Sang" as the center,links some hunting grounds,and combs the hunting grounds in the oracle inscriptions one by one.The habitual hunting land of Shang king was mainly distributed in Wangji and the area near Wangji,which was not too far away from Wangdu.It was mainly located in the northeast of Henan Province.The seventh chapter mainly discusses the Shang Dynasty geographic system in oracle bone inscriptions.This chapter makes a summary of the research ideas of this paper,and discusses the scope of Wangji in the late Shang Dynasty,the distribution of hunting land,agricultural land and granary.In the late Shang Dynasty,Wangji was between Taihang Mountain and the Yellow River,which included Anyang City,Hebi City,Xinxiang City,Puyang City and Handan City in Hebei Province.Most of the hunting land and agricultural land in oracle inscriptions were also distributed in this area.The Bank of the Yellow River was an important agricultural land in the Shang Dynasty,and most of the granary land was distributed in the core area of Wangji,not far from Wangdu.