The Research On The Monopoly System In The Jin Dynasty

On the basis of summarizing the academic research results,this paper makes a systematic and comprehensive study on the monopoly system of Jin Dynasty,which draws lessons mainly from Tang,Liao and Song Dynasties,but embodies different characteristics from the successive dynasties in the real implementation.Before Jin Dynasty,salt and iron were mostly listed simultaneously—salt and iron were the most important two parts of the prohibited commodities.However,in the monopoly system of Jin Dynasty,only the trade of salt was mainly prohibited,while the prohibition of iron existed only in the local economic system in the early Jin Dynasty;after the establishment of the monopoly system during the reign of Emperor Hailing,the prohibition on iron was no longer in existence;however,the prohibition on tea in the Tang and Song Dynasties was severely restricted in the Jin Dynasty.In the salt and copper monopoly system which is jointly run by the official and merchants,it is the first time for using government pricing to ensure government revenue,to limit prices and to develop private industry.As a political power established by the minorities,it is valuable to absorb the system culture of the Han to perfect its rule after its rise,and to adjust it according to the time and the place,so as to form a system suitable for its own development.The first chapter makes a textual research on the academic dispute about whether the monopoly system originated from a policy called “Guanshanhai” which was proposed by Guan Zhong in the Spring and Autumn Period or the monopoly of salt and iron in the reign of Emperor Wu of Han.And it comes to the conclusion that Guanshanhai did exist in the Spring and Autumn Period and was thoroughly carried out.Besides,it discusses the evolution of the monopoly system and deliberation of different regimes in different periods,so as to sort out the process of the development and evolution of the monopoly system and deliberation before Jin Dynasty,and point out the reasons and purposes for the regimes to adopt the monopoly system and deliberation in different periods.The second chapter discusses the development and evolution of the monopoly system in the Jin Dynasty,pointing out that some commodities had already been monopolized by the government in the local economic system in the early Jin Dynasty,but had not been formed into an ethnic economic management system yet.The monopoly system in the Jin Dynasty was established during the reign of Emperor Hailing.This chapter also expounds the reform and the reasons for reform of the monopoly system in the period from Emperor Shizong to Emperor Xuanzong,and points out that the social turbulence and the government financial distress in the middle and late Jin Dynasty are the important reasons for the reform of the monopoly system.The third chapter systematically discusses the salt monopoly system of Jin Dynasty,pointing out that the price of prohibited commodities set by the government was the first of its kind in the Jin Dynasty,and that there was ethnic discrimination in the system.The fourth chapter discusses the prohibition on mineral resources such as copper and iron in the Jin Dynasty,pointing out that the prohibition on iron existed only as an economic management form in the early Jin Dynasty.Besides the ten items of liquor,yeast,tea,vinegar,incense,alum,Dan,tin,iron and salt recorded in The history of Jin Dynasty,gold,silver,copper and alkali are also within the scope of prohibition.The author also discusses the distribution of mineral resources such as gold,silver,copper and tin at the same time,and the characteristics of various kinds of mineral resources prohibition are analyzed.The fifth chapter systematically elaborates on the prohibition of living goods such as liquor,tea,incense and vinegar in the Jin Dynasty,making an in-depth analysis of the prohibition of liquor and incense,and points out that the frequent adjustment of the monopoly system after Emperor Zhangzong was to solve the problem of insufficient ethnic use caused by turbulence.In the sixth chapter,on the basis of the previous research,the author analyzes the characteristics and influence of Jin Dynasty’s monopoly system,presenting the basic characteristics of Jin Dynasty’s monopoly system.The conclusion part summarizes the characteristics,influence and research value of Jin Dynasty’s monopoly system,and puts forward views on Jin Dynasty’s monopoly system.