Research On Ethical Issues Of Human Biobank

Human biobank aims to benefit human health.It is of great significance in exploring the relationship between gene and disease,gene and environment,and solving the problems of human diseases.However,the emergence and development of human biobank also cause many ethical issues.One is the issue of informed consent for the human biobank.It is different from informed consent in bioethics and medical ethics.The author thinks that these ethical issues mainly include: the challenge of informed consent to individual autonomy or self-determination;the question of reagreement;formalization and overuse of informed consent.In view of these special dilemmas,the author believes that we should always adhere to the dominant position of human beings,respect human values and independent choices,and adopt the strategy of "specific research and specific models" in the research of human biobank.The second is the privacy of sensitive personal information and personal life,which is one of the most prominent ethical issues in the construction,application and development of human biobank.The author reviews the bodily privacy,information privacy,decision-making privacy and proprietary privacy,and summarizes the direct harm of the disclosure of human biobank privacy.Therefore,the author thinks that the state should establish and perfect the personal privacy protection law,the human biobank managers should perfect the process of de-labeling,the human biobank contacts should improve their quality and regulate their own behavior,and the sample providers should increase the supervision and attention to the human biobank.The third is whether the human biobank should be commercialized.Due to the commercialization of human biobank,it has many benefits as well as many risks,which has led to fierce disputes among researchers.The author believes that the commercialization of the database of human biological samples is relatively complex,and we should treat the commercialization problem dialectically instead of "one size fits all" according to the traditional viewpoint.We should not only affirm the potential advantages of commercialization,but also be cautious about it in light of national conditions and policies.The fourth is whether the human biobank should be shared.The author find that the objections to sharing are,in fact,untenable.As for how to solve the problems encountered in the sharing of human biobank,the author suggests thinking from the perspectives of the sharing subject,the sharing object and the sharing medium.Among them,the shared object is constant and relatively stable in a certain period.The shared subject and the shared medium are variables.Therefore,the author suggests strengthening the correct guidance to the sharing subject subjectively,and developing and perfecting the sharing channel objectively to promote the realization of sharing.Fifthly,the benefit sharing of human biobank is also a problem.The international community has long been concerned about the issue of benefit sharing.However,due to the different issues of benefit sharing involved in different contexts and the very complex issues related to the benefits,it has not been explored in depth.The author believes that the benefit sharing of human biobank should be affirmed and supported,although it is difficult and has many obstacles.Therefore,the author suggests to explore it from two angles: theoretical principle and practical approach.In order to prevent the ethical misconduct discussed above from happening under the drive of profit,the author believes that the supervision of the human biobank in China should be strengthened.To this end,the author focuses on the regulatory model of the United States,the United Kingdom and the public population genome project.The author thinks in terms of the human biobank construction in our country is still at the exploratory stage,the domestic existing policies and regulations and ethical supervision system can’t keep pace with rapid development of modern biomedical research,our country should establish and perfect the accord with the situation of the human biobank regulatory system,from the source to strengthen the management and protection of the human biobank.