The Visual Attention Characteristics Of Basketball Players And Its Relationship To Match Performance

Visual attention ability is an important part of cognitive ability,which is one of the key factors that affect athletes' sports performance.In basketball game,basketball players' good attention performance is not only the basis to respond to the most relevant visual information in the game,but also the key to carry out sports skills effectively and improvement of sports performance.In recent years,researchers have carried out a lot of research on the characteristics of basketball players' visual attention,and have accumulated rich achievements in the research of influencing factors of sports performance.However,most of the researches only examine a certain characteristic of visual attention,and the research on sports performance also mainly focuses on the relationship between the winner and the loser in the game.These research results provide a certain theoretical reference,but because these studies are too general and abstract,and have limited help to coaches and athletes in sports practice.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth study on the influence of the visual attention characteristics of athletes on the performance of games.This study takes "basketball players' visual attention characteristics and their correlation with sports performance" as the main line,using expert-novice paradigm,applying advanced eye movement recorder,integrating behavior measurement and eye movement technology,through three studies,a total of four experiments to explore the visual attention characteristics of basketball players and their correlation with sports performance.In the first study,the classical multiple object tracking task was used to investigate the basketball players' information processing performance under different target number conditions(Experiment 1);the processing characteristics of basketball players' visual information under different target speed conditions(Experiment 2);the distribution of attention resources and processing characteristics of basketball players in cognitive processing were analyzed under the condition of probe-dot detection task(Experiment 3).Secondly,eye movement recording technique was used to study the attention characteristics of basketball players under specific circumstances through visual search task(Experiment 4).In the third study,based on the results of study one and two,the correlation between visual attention characteristics and motor performance under different task conditions was analyzed.In theory,this helps to understand the perception processing characteristics of athletes at different levels;in practice,it helps in the selection of athletes and targeted training to improve attention.The results show that:(1)in the Experiment 1a,when the target number is 2,3,4,5,6,there is no significant difference in tracking accuracy between expert athletes and novice athletes.(2)In Experiment 1b,with the increase of target speed,the tracking accuracy of expert athletes in MOT task was significantly better than that of novices.The results of Experiment 1 reveal the speed advantage of expert athletes in visual information processing.(3)In Experiment 2,there was no significant difference between expert athletes and novice athletes in the detection rate of point detection when the point detection stimulus appeared in the target and non-target places.When the point detection stimulus appeared in the blank space,the point detection awareness rate of expert athletes was significantly higher than that of novices,indicating the characteristics of attention resource allocation of expert athletes.(4)In Experiment 3,in the visual search task,the reaction time of expert group athletes' spot decisionmaking mode was significantly shorter than that of novice group,and the accuracy rate of spot decision-making was significantly higher than that of novice group.The average fixation time of the expert group was significantly shorter than that of the novice group,and the fixation times of the expert group were significantly less than that of the novice group.The fixation time of expert group athletes in the key area was higher than that of novice group,but there was no significant difference between them;the fixation time of expert group athletes in irrelevant area was significantly longer than that of novice group;the fixation time of expert group athletes in irrelevant area was significantly shorter than that of novice group.Comparison of visual indicators,the gaze trajectory of the expert group is more concise and the attention distribution is more reasonable.(5)In Study 3,in MOT task,the target speed at 10 ° / s and 15 ° / s was highly positively correlated with assist,and was positively correlated with interception;in the dual task,the detection awareness rate of point detection in the blank was highly positively correlated with the assist.In the visual search task,the percentage of fixation time in the related area was highly positively correlated with the assists.Conclusions:(1)compared with novice athletes,expert athletes have faster visual information processing speed in multi-target tracking task.(2)With the increase of visual information,the advantage of attention allocation of expert athletes is that more attention resources are invested in the "blank area".(3)In the visual search of special situations,expert basketball players have the advantages of fast response and high accuracy in decision-making tasks,reasonable attention distribution,efficient and concise visual search mode and the ability of visual search strategy to maximize the use of clues.(4)The speed of visual information processing,the allocation of attention resources and the strategy of visual search affect the performance of athletes.