| Research purpose: Nowadays,people are no longer satisfied with participating leisure activities casually.They usually showed a long and deep career,and expressed a state of "specialization".Previous literatures showed that scholars had not formed a consistent view on the performance characteristics of recreation specialization.Under the background of domestic prosperous leisure sport,it is particularly important to investigate people's leisure sports specialization.So,this study will try to explore the following questions based on the existing literatures of Recreation specialization: 1)What is the concept of "leisure sports specialization(LSS)" ? 2)What are the performance characteristics of LSS? 3)What is the underlying structure of the performance characteristics of LSS? 4)Is the underlying theoretical structure of LSS suitable and reasonable? 5)Does there exist differences in the performance characteristics of people's LSS among different sociodemographic variables and different sports? Solving the above research problems will help expand the research of LSS in the domestic leisure sports field,enrich the theoretical system of LSS.It will be helpful to explain individual leisure sports behaviors,and scientifically guide public leisure participation for relevant government departments or sports service agencies.Research contents: The main content includes two parts.The first part mainly verify the performance characteristics of LSS,including qualitative research on the performance characteristics of LSS,exploratory research on the performance characteristics of LSS,and confirmatory research on the performance characteristics of LSS.The Second part mainly focuses on the applied research on the performance characteristics of LSS,including examining individual's LSS performance characteristics,and differences among different sociodemographic variables and different leisure activities.Research methods: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the research.Firstly,on the basis of existing literatures,semi-structured interview was conducted on 21 core members of leisure sports groups.Nvivo11.0 was used to code the text data and subject analysis for proposing the performance characteristics of LSS.Second,this study collected the data by questionnaire investigating on long distance runners(n=215),project analysis and exploratory factor analysis are used to investigate the potential structure of the LSS.Third,using "long-distance running"(n=215),"riding"(n=327)and "badminton"(n=310)samples data,construct a structural equation model,and verify the adaptability and rationality of the hypothetical theoretical model of the LSS.Finally,taking long distance runners(n=215),cyclists(n=327)and badminton participants(n=310)as examples,this study collected the data through a questionnaire survey,used T-test and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),examined the LSS performance characteristics and differences among three leisure sports activities.Results and conclusion: First,the qualitative research results support the LSS performance characteristics' theoretical model is composed of multiple indicators.Associated login confirms 7 major categories,such as activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,knowledge and skills,equipment cognition,participation behavior and events experience,and further refines 18 minor categories,such as participation behavior and frequency of participation.Second,project analysis and exploratory factor analysis verify the results of qualitative,and confirm 7 factor model of LSS(i.e.activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,knowledge and skills,equipment cognition,participation behavior and events experience)perform good construct validity,and can better explain the total variance of variance.Thirdly,using the long distance runners sample,this study examined the theoretical model of LSS by constructing a structural equation model.The results showed that the revised theoretical model of the LSS is basically suitable in basic fit inspection,overall fit inspection and internal quality inspection.The research results confirmed the suitability and rationality of the LSS's hypothesis theoretical model,which was composed of activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,knowledge and skills,equipment cognition,participation behavior and event experience.Fourth,using the cyclists sample,this study examined the theoretical model of LSS by constructing a structural equation model.The results showed that the revised theoretical model of the LSS is basically suitable in basic fit inspection,overall fit inspection and internal quality inspection.The research results confirmed the suitability and rationality of the LSS's hypothesis theoretical model,which was composed of activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,knowledge and skills,equipment cognition,participation behavior and event experience.Fifth,using the badminton sample,this study furtherly examined the theoretical model of LSS by constructing a structural equation model.The results showed that the theoretical model of the LSS is an ideal fit in basic fit inspection,overall fit inspection and internal quality inspection.The research results confirmed the suitability and rationality of the LSS's hypothesis theoretical model.Sixth,long distance runners' LSS performance characteristics from high to low are as follow: equipment cognition,activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,knowledge and skills,participation behavior and events experience.The model of LSS performance characteristics shows ideal reliability and validity.In terms of gender,age,education level,marital status,and whether joined the long distance running group(except income),there exists significant differences on marathon runners' LSS performance characteristics.Seventh,cyclists' LSS performance characteristics from high to low are as follow: activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,equipment cognition,knowledge and skills,participation behavior and events experience.The model of LSS performance characteristics shows ideal reliability and validity again.In terms of gender,age,education level,annual income,marital status,and whether joined the cycling group,there exists significant differences on cyclists' LSS performance characteristics.Eighth,badminton participants' LSS performance characteristics from high to low are as follow: activity attraction,sports commitment,central lifestyle,equipment cognition,participation behavior,knowledge and skills,and events experience.The model of LSS performance characteristics shows ideal reliability and validity again.In terms of gender,age,annual income,marital status,and whether joined the badminton group,there exists significant differences on badminton participants' LSS performance characteristics.Ninth,long distance runners,cyclists and badminton participants have significant differences in the 6 LSS performance characteristics: participation behavior,knowledge and skills,activity attraction,central lifestyle,equipment cognition and sports commitment.In general,the average level of cycling participants is higher than that of long distance runners and badminton participants;The participants of the three do not show significant differences in terms of event experience.Totally,this study verifies the rationality of the Model 1 theoretical model of LSS.At the same time,this study confirms that the model of LSS performance characteristics has good reliability and validity,and examine LSS performance characteristics among long distance running,cycling and kayaking.Future study should examine the theoretical model of LSS in a wider range of leisure sports activities,focus on exploring its influential mechanism,and provide theoretical support and empirical reference for the scientific guidance of people's leisure sports participation.To sum up,this research was performed based on the background of leisure sports development in our country and existing literature.A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were operated to examine the research questions,including the qualitative research,exploratory research,verification research,and applied research on LSS.The research results have repeatedly confirmed the applicability and authenticity of the LSS ‘s theoretical model,and explore the performance characteristics of LSS and their difference in three popular sport activities.The research results are helpful to understand the individual's leisure sports behavior,and provide theoretical support and empirical reference for relevant government departments or sports service organizations to guide the public to participate in leisure sports.Future studies should focus on examining the impact mechanism of the performance characteristics of LSS,and the relationship between LSS and people's health and happy life in a wider range of leisure sports activities. |
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