| Coastal zone is an economically advanced,densely populated and scarcity of land resources area,at the same time,with the rapid growth of population,development and utilization of coastal zone resources are intensified and land use/land cover changes are affected.Through the research of LUCC in coastal zone can not only provide references for the intensive utilization of regional land resources and environment protection,also helps to understand its influence and function from the theoretical and practical level.Eastern Fujian(Ningde city)is located in the Yangtze river detla and the pearl river delta,the middle section of the gold coast line in Chinese mainland with vast sea,rich biological resources and humid climate.In recent years,the development and construction activities have developed rapidly in the coastal zone with the implementation of marine economic policy which makes the LUCC of coastal zone in Eastern Fujian changed significantly and endangered its ecosystem health.Consequently,LUCC,dynamics of landscape pattern,driving mechanism of LUCC are analyzed by use of analysis function of GIS and three series of remote sensing images,moreover,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is adopted to study the ecosystem health by"pressure-state-response" model.At last,the paper is put forward some suggestions and countermeasures for the coastal zone of Eastern Fujian on this basis by combining the previous research results.The results are as follows:(1)The analysis of LUCC in the coastal zone of Eastern Fujian in recent 14 years showed that farmland,forest and grass land were prevalent during the study period,accounting for 87%of study area and the area of forest and grass land was increased dramatically,with a total of 1047.24 km2,in contrast,other land use and aquaculture accounted for the smallest proportion,sum of the two was less than 4%of study area.Land use degree in the study area was decline first and then rise,and land use intensive degree was far higher than the national average level,and the comprehensive index of land use degree was 255.19.In terms of spatial distribution,construction land increased rapidly in Fuding city where located in the north of coastal zone,in contrast,farmland’s area was decreased rapidly over the recent 14 years,while the change and growth of the water area was the largest in Jiaocheng,at the same time,auqaculture increased significantly in Xiapu county and Fu’an city.(2)Water area,such as lakes and reservoirs had a high transfer probability due to the influence of natural and human factors,the transfer probability among forest and grass land,farmland,aquaculture,river and contruction land were frequent relatively.In contrast,forest and grass’s internal transformation was less with lower transfer rate because of growth cycle and national policy,and other land use types tranfered constantly into forest and grass,therefore,the area of forest and grass was increasing with high forest coverage rate.(3)The analysis of landscape pattern characteristics in the coastal zone of eastern Fujian showed that landscape fragmentation increased first and then decreased,the shape of landscape pathes became irregular,and the area percentage of patches was balanced relatively.For spatial distribution,landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation reduced gradually in the north and west of coastal zone,however,which was contrary to the east.In the view of types and levels of patches,forest and grass became the fastest rishing patch type in the recent 14 years,and the patches gathered gradually.By contrast,farmland patches dispersed gradually with high fragmentation and substantial reduction area.In terms of the shap complexity of land use types,farmland and forest and grass had the most complicated shape as the two major matrixes,while lake had the most regular shape in study area.(4)Study on driving mechanism of land use change is one of the core issues of LUCC in the coastal zone.The qualitative analysis of driving mechanism in the coastal zone of eastern Fujian showed that LUCC of study area was subject to population explosion,rapid economic development,a large number of key construction projects and some policy.LUCC in the study area was influenced significantly by social and economic driving force,and population,economic and social consciousness were the main socioeconomic driving factors affecting the LUCC in the coastal zone of eastern Fujian by using the method of principal component analysis and canonical correlation analysis.(5)The analysis of ecosystem health condition by using the"pressure-state-response" model showed that the ecosystem health condition of the study area was on the rise in the mass,and kept the stable state in the process of economic development.In terms of spatial distribution,Fu’an and Jiaocheng kept in good condition,by contrast,Fuding and Xiapu in coastal zone were in poor condition beacause of dense population,concentrated industries,as well as the environment pollution from unscientific aquaculture and so on.(6)The forecasting analysis of the area of LUCC and ecosystem health assessment under different scenarios simulation(natural increase scenario,ecological protection scenariol,and ecological protection scenario2)in coastal zone of eastern Fujian and different regions in the next 15 years showed that the ecosystem health condition did not change significantly in different scenarios simulation in general,however,the health value was higher when the human disturbance were increased.For different regions,the ecosystem health condition did not change obviously in Fu’an city and Jiaocheng district;in the first scenario,but in contrast the deterioration of health condition was obvious in Xiapu county and Fuding city;the health condition continued improving in the second and third scenario,that is to say,to increase the forest and grass land area properly contribute to ecosystem health.Therefore,must increase the strength of ecological forest,converting the land for forestry and pasture,which is the effective way to realize the sustainable land use and ecosystem health development in coastal zone of eastern Fujian.(7)Through the field investigation and above analysis found that the main problems of land use in the coastal zone of eastern Fujian were as follows:water area decreased significantly,aquaculture area increased rapidly,meanwhile,the development of aquaculture was in disorder caused environment pollution;although the main land use type was forest and grass,the structure of forestry land was poor with degraded ecosystem function;land use degree was higher,while the development of regional economy was in asymmetry;industrial structure was unreasonable,and lack of professional technical personnel.Finally,combined with the state of study area,this paper puts forward couples of suggestions and countermeasures for the sustainable utilization and development of land resources in coastal zone of eastern Fujian.To sum up,study on LUCC and ecosystem health assessment in the coastal zone of eastern Fujian has important theoretical value and practical significance for reasonable planning,intensive utilization,scientific management of land resources,and sustainability of ecological environment. |
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