| With the rapid development of the global economy,environmental and ecological problems have become one of the focus issues of the world.The problem of water pollution in China is becoming more and more serious,which is not conducive to the construction and further development of China’s green economic society.The BeijingTianjin-Hebei region is an important economic development center in China.The problem of water pollution and shortage of water resources in this region has been very serious,and has become an important factor restricting the economic development of this region.Based on this,this paper studies the ecological compensation for water pollution control from the perspective of water pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,which plays a very important role in alleviating the current situation of water resources pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.This paper uses the opportunity cost method to build a CGE model for water pollution control in the Beijing-Tianj inHebei region,and determines the ecological compensation standard range for water pollution control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,which has important theoretical and policy significance for accelerating the improvement of water resources and environmental quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and provides important ideological enlightenment and technical support for the establishment of an ecological compensation mechanism suitable for the characteristics of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,It can also be used for reference for the joint prevention and control of water pollution in other regions.The innovations of this paper are reflected in the following three aspects:Firstly,based on the genetic characteristics of water pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,this paper adopts multi regional CGE model to study the output loss of water pollution control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,defines the ecological compensation standard for water pollution control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and determines the upper limit of ecological compensation according to the single regional CGE model,so as to define the ecological compensation range for water pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.It provides a theoretical basis for the implementation of water pollution compensation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Secondly,although the current research on transboundary water pollution has attracted the attention of some scholars,and has made some relevant research results.However,the current research scope is too extensive,not practical,and lacks attention to specific regions and specific basins.At present,most of the existing specific regional studies in China are concentrated in the Yangtze River Basin,and there are few studies on water pollution control in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Therefore,this paper focuses on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and analyzes the regional status,industry characteristics and influencing factors of water pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,so as to better study the problem of water pollution control in the Beijing-TianjinHebei region.Third,at present,scholars’ research on ecological compensation mostly focuses on theoretical analysis,compensation standards and compensation.Although these studies have made important contributions to promoting the theory and practice of ecological compensation in China,they have not fully studied how to evaluate the ecological environment and economic and social effects after the implementation of ecological compensation.Based on this,this paper builds a DID model to evaluate the impact of the horizontal ecological compensation policy on pollutant emission reduction intensity based on the horizontal ecological compensation policy of diverting Luanhe River to Tianjin.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,this paper empirically tests the impact of the ecological compensation policy for Luanhe River diversion to Tianjin on water environment pollution reduction with the DID method.According to the empirical results,the ecological compensation policy for Luanhe River diversion to Tianjin effectively reduces water pollution.In addition,improving the level of infrastructure,promoting the upgrading of industrial structure,improving the level of water pollution control and promoting the rapid economic transformation are the effective measures to reduce water pollution in Tianjin and Hebei region.It is conducive to coordinating different interest groups and promoting the ecological compensation mechanism,so as to achieve the purpose of ecological environment protection.From the implementation experience of the ecological compensation policy of diverting Luanhe River to Tianjin,we know that improving the horizontal ecological compensation policy of the river basin can effectively solve the upstream and downstream water pollution problems,thus effectively improving the ecological environment problems in the corresponding areas.In addition,when implementing the relevant ecological compensation policies,the government can effectively combine the local economic development level,industrial structure and other factors,so as to maximize the ecological compensation policy.Second,on the one hand,levying multiple water pollution taxes can effectively reduce water pollution emissions,so as to achieve the expected goal of water pollution reduction;on the other hand,levying water pollution tax will also affect the output of relevant enterprises to a certain extent,resulting in economic losses in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.In general,in order to control water pollution and reduce water pollution discharge,the economic output of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been affected.In addition,due to the impact of different regional economic and industrial structures,the economic losses of Beijing and Tianjin are relatively small,while the economic losses of Hebei Province are relatively more.Thirdly,we reduce the discharge of water pollution by levying water pollution tax,so as to achieve different water pollution reduction targets,and simulate the water pollution reduction under different tax standards,so as to provide reference for the ecological compensation standard.Based on the simulation results,in order to achieve the water pollution reduction targets of 2.5%,5%,7.5%and 10%respectively,we select the water pollution tax levels of 1.6 times,3.7 times,5.8 times and 8 times respectively for impact simulation.Taking the 10%reduction of water pollution in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region in 2025 as an example,the opportunity costs of joint control of water pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2021-2025 are(5.680,7.455,22.365),(6.109,7.466,20.363),(6.958,7.690,21.972),(7.420,7.810,23.821),(7.575,7.973,24319)(RMB 100 million)respectively.Fourthly,levying water pollution tax can improve the current situation of water pollution.The higher the tax rate,the better the situation of water pollution reduction.This is mainly because raising the water pollution tax will increase the production cost of enterprises.Therefore,in order to save money,enterprises will choose to reduce the discharge of water pollutants,so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the emission of the whole society.The impact of water pollution tax on the output level of different industries is different,but they all show a downward trend.Among them,the impact of production reduction in key industrial sectors of water pollution discharge and the Ministry of agriculture is the most prominent,followed by heavy industry and light industry.When the water pollution tax is 5.8 times,the output of key industries of water pollution discharge,agriculture and heavy industry decreases significantly by 1.16%,0.865%and 0.769%respectively.With the increase of tax collection,the proportion of water pollution reduction is gradually reduced.When Hebei Province controls water pollution alone,when the water pollution tax collection standard is 7.9 times,the GDP decreases by 0.135%and the water pollution decreases by 10%.The upper limit of ecological compensation received by Hebei Province is RMB 5449.4 million in 2021,RMB 5590.1 million in 2022,RMB 5890.1 million in 2023,RMB 6104.5 million in 2024 and RMB 6379.2 million in 2025.Fifthly,in order to leave room for appropriate adjustment and negotiation during the negotiation of ecological compensation for the coordinated control of water pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,we have determined the range of ecological compensation standards under different water pollution reduction targets to provide support for the control of water pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Taking the reduction of water pollution emissions by 10%as an example,the compensation ranges that Beijing and Tianjin should pay to Hebei province from 2021 to 2025 are(26.625,53.494),(25.454,55.901),(27.464,58.417),(29.288,61.045),(29.900,63.792)(100 million yuan)respectively. |
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