Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment Methods Of Electric Vehicle And Vehicle Fleet Considering Temporal And Spatial Variations And Their Applications

The development of electric vehicles is an inevitable way for China to shift from a large automobile country to a strong automobile country,and is also an important strategic measure to cope with climate change and promote green development.Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles is of great significance to the analysis of life cycle environmental impact mitigation potential of electric vehicles,the technological innovation and the policy making of low-carbon electric vehicles,which has become a hotspot of current academic research.However,the existing studies mainly focus on the static life cycle assessment of electric vehicles and seldom consider the dynamic characteristics of life cycle resource and energy consumption and environmental emissions of electric vehicles.For example,the variations of vehicle lightweight technology,battery technology and energy cleanliness with time will change the environmental benefits of electric vehicles compared with the traditional fuel vehicles.At the same time,the environmental emissions of electric vehicles will also change dynamically with spatial factors such as regional climate conditions and power grids.On the other hand,the environmental benefits of large-scale development of electric vehicles are not only related to that of a single electric vehicle,but also affected by the time-varying composition of vehicle fleet.In view of this,supported by the National Key Research and Development Program and the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of The National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research on the dynamic life cycle assessment(DLCA)of electric vehicles and vehicle fleets considering the temporal and spatial variations is carried out in this paper.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:Firstly,based on the analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the life cycle activities of vehicles(including electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles)with their resource and energy consumption and emissions,the dynamic characteristics of the life cycle environmental impact of vehicles over time are clarified.Based on this,a DLCA framework of vehicles considering the temporal and spatial variations are proposed.And then,a specific DLCA model is developed.It provides support for the dynamic environmental impact assessment of pure electric vehicles,plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion vehicles in the following chapter.Secondly,taking three types of BYD vehicles as illustrations,dynamic life cycle environmental impact assessment of electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion vehicles in China is carried out.The LCA goals,system boundary and temporal and spatial scopes of the DLCA of the three types of vehicles are defined respectively,along with the in-depth analysis of the life cycle inventories of the three vehicles.And then,the influence of the different temporal and spatial factors on the life cycle environmental benefits of electric vehicles is explored.This part can provide the support for the low carbon vehicle development and green consumption.Then,after analyzing the time-varying characteristics of the life cycle environmental impact of passenger vehicle fleet,an overall DLCA framework of passenger vehicle fleet is established and the functional unit and the system boundary,etc.of the DLCA are clarified.And then the calculation models of the dynamic life cycle environmental impact of passenger vehicle fleet are developed.A dynamic life cycle environmental impact assessment method of passenger vehicle fleet that considers the whole life cycles of the passenger vehicle fleet and covered a variety of environmental impacts is developed.Finally,based on the single-and multiple-factor scenario analysis,the environmental impact mitigation potential of China’s passenger vehicle fleet under the scenarios of various control strategies,including the large-scale deployment of electric vehicles,the restrictions of the growth of passenger vehicle ownership and the vehicle use intensity,the elimination of the old vehicles in advance,and the improvement of vehicle technologies,is predicted and analyzed.And then,the policy suggestions for the achievement of low carbon development goals of China’s passenger vehicle fleet are provided.