The Impact Of Economic Development And Renewable Energy On Carbon Emission In Sub-Saharan Africa

Global warming and the effects of change in climate have created environmental problems for many recent years.Signs of global warming and climate change include floods,droughts,snowstorms,and sometimes volcanic instability and earthquakes.This is a high priority in the process of selection on the agenda lists of many countries.Regardless of their development group,they are choosing carbon emission methods to face and get rid of this nightmare of global warming,which is mainly caused by CO₂emissions.It is important to note that two primary causes have prompted this study to focus on economic development thresholds for renewable energy in SSA in academic and policy-making,namely the significance of renewable energy in the post-2015 development agenda and lacunas in the previous studies.The renewable energy is a central theme in sustainable development goals because,among other things,greenhouse gas emissions pose a significant threat to the global environment’s sustainability in the post-2015 development agenda.The energy industry in many SSA countries is mismanaged.Meanwhile,the economic prosperity in the last two centuries has been largely dependent on the availability of energy,which is required for economic dynamics in the form of production,distribution,and consumption.Africa is among the most visible examples of policymakers’incapacity to come up with appropriate renewable energy policies,where fossil fuels are supported rather than sustainable energy sources.Access to energy in Sub Saharan Africa（SSA）is inadequate,despite the fast-growing population and economic activity.Africa is facing many challenges caused by environmental and socio-economic changes,such as climate change,global population growth,and changes in food systems.The study focused on 45 Sub-Sahara African countries spanning1980 and 2020.The samples were separated into country income-level groups according to the divisions by the World Bank.Time series data for the study periods were employed applying the Generalized Method of Moments（GMM）method,two-step system Generalized Method of Moments（GMM）,and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares（DOLS）method.Firstly,using the variables of interest from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators database,including GDP per capita,carbon emissions from fossil fuels,and energy consumption,With significant data in Sub-Saharan Africa,GDP has a beneficial impact（SSA）.These findings suggest that economic development has an effect on sub-Saharan Africa’s greenhouse gas emissions,which is critical for reducing carbon emissions in the region.Many countries in the Sahara region have greater greenhouse gas emissions,and they are engaging in economic activities that might promote economic development in many other industries.the findings showed that GDP has a positive influence on CO₂of SSA,and this is important in helping to reduce carbon emissions in SSA.Secondly,the findings show that both industrialization and renewable energy have a significant influence in forecasting CO₂emissions in Sub-Saharan African countries.Higher industry value additions resulted in increased CO₂emissions,whereas increased renewable power generation resulted in less environmental damage.The increased renewable power generation which resulted in less environmental damage is an indication that its of negative effect on carbon emission.If the increase in renewable power generation is causal,it cuts carbon emissions by 0.22 percent.Furthermore,we discover that the usage of renewable energy mediates the link between industry value additions and CO₂emissions In the situation whereby there is increase in renewable power generation,CO₂emission is reduced.Thirdly,the study revealed there is a bidirectional form of causation between economic developments and renewable energy of CO₂emissions.By examining the conditional link between renewable energy and environmental quality,this research adds to the existing literature.Fixed effects and quantile fixed effects regressions are used to support the empirical evidence.Renewable energy consistently reduces carbon dioxide（CO₂）emissions,according to both estimation approaches Hence,there is a close nexus between economic development and renewable energy on CO₂emission.The fact that there is a negative effect of renewable energy on CO₂implies that the adoption of renewable energy consistently reduces CO₂emissions and enhances economic development.In conclusion,it was recommended that authorities encourage powering economies with clean energy,replacing polluting coal,gas and oil fired power stations with renewable energy sources,such as wind and solar farms,knowing that renewable energy is not only cleaner but also cheaper these days.The government should also develop policies and coordinate government educational programs on climate change which will in turn the National Climate Change Action Plan that will serve as a road map that will improve energy efficiency and switch away from non-renewable energy to renewable energy.Carbon tax policy can also be introduced that will shift the economy away from carbon–intensive industries.Furthermore,individual countries in SSA can develop a local renewable energy deployment strategy that describes the government’s primary goals in this area.As evident in the approaches adopted by the developed countries,SSA governments can also make policies requiring existing subsidies to fossil fuels,especially coal which is the most carbon emitting form of fuel to stop being effective.Incentives for biogas or hydropower producers should be made available for promoting renewable energy technology across industries in SSA.Regulations and grants aiming at promoting renewable energy technology across industries in SSA should be implemented and prizes subsidized by the government.