Research On The Multidimensional Impact Of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution And Optimization Of Its Governance Mechanism

Chemical production factors such as chemical fertilizers provide strong support for ensuring food security and increasing grain production,but the accompanying agricultural nonpoint source pollution problem has worsened the ecological environment.The long-term and persistent impact of agricultural non-point source pollution makes it difficult to thoroughly address it.In the context of promoting high-quality economic development with the concept of green development,a comprehensive assessment of the multidimensional impact of current agricultural non-point source pollution has important significance and value for rational control of agricultural non-point source pollution,optimization of agricultural non-point source pollution control measures,promotion of high-quality agricultural development,and realization of the unity of economic,ecological,and social benefits.In 2015,the Ministry of Agriculture issued the implementation opinions on the fight against agricultural non-point source pollution and the introduction of the zero growth action plan for chemical fertilizers and pesticides.The special action for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution was officially launched,namely,the implementation of "reducing quantity and increasing efficiency".After a certain period of treatment,the use of chemical fertilizers,pesticides,and mulch films has decreased,and from the perspective of "reducing quantity",the policy has played a governance role,but due to the large impact range of agricultural non-point source pollution The potential risk is high,and whether the impact on nature,economy,and society has been mitigated still needs further verification.Farmers are the core subject of agricultural production.At the same time,farmers are both contributors to agricultural non-point source pollution and victims of agricultural non-point source pollution.Their production behavior decisions are related to whether agricultural nonpoint source pollution can be effectively controlled and whether agricultural green sustainable development can be achieved.The decision-making of farmers’ production behavior is complex,which is affected by multiple internal and external factors including cultural quality,production conditions,environmental changes,policy guidance,etc.Especially for the decision-making of green production behavior,organic fertilizer substitution,soil testing and formula fertilization,green biological control technology,etc.are effective means to control agricultural non-point source pollution,while farmers,as rational economic people,first pursue the maximization of economic benefits,However,when the harmfulness of agricultural non-point source pollution attracts the attention of farmers,farmers will also change their production habits,accept the green production behavior under the condition of controllable risk,to maximize income,and achieve a win-win situation of grain production and agricultural ecological environment protection.Therefore,the cognitive level of agricultural non-point source pollution will also have an impact on farmers’ production behavior decision-making.Based on the summary of relevant literature on governance,it is found that there are still shortcomings in the current research on the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution,and there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution from multiple dimensions.Moreover,the fundamental problem of information asymmetry between the main parties in the current governance of agricultural non-point source pollution is still unresolved.Therefore,combined with the actual impact of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and governance,According to the research idea of "problem posing-discussion on the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution-effectiveness of environmental regulation-decision-making of farmers’ green production behavior-optimization of governance mechanism",this paper builds a research framework for multidimensional impact of agricultural non-point source pollution and optimization of governance mechanism based on the composite Ecological systems theory Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution from the three dimensions of economic and social systems,while examining the current government environmental regulations,especially whether "reducing quantity and increasing efficiency" have played a policy role and identifying policy effectiveness;Secondly,from the perspective of agricultural non-point source pollution cognition,we examine the source control behavior,that is,farmers’ green production behavior decision-making,and comprehensively examine the moderating role of policy environment changes in the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution cognition on farmers’ green production behavior;Finally,based on the previous empirical analysis,the traditional agricultural non-point source pollution control mechanism is optimized and adjusted,and a multi center collaborative governance mechanism for agricultural non-point source pollution is constructed with "technology" and "system",and guarantee measures are proposed.The innovation of this study lies in the relatively comprehensive evaluation of the negative impact of agricultural non-point source pollution,incorporating the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on public health and economic damage to farmers’ health into the research framework,providing theoretical and data support for the proposal of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies;Secondly,the study examines the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution perception on different types of green production behaviors of farmers,providing theoretical support for the formulation of relevant policy mechanisms.Finally,digital technology is used to construct a mechanism for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution,and blockchain technology is used to address the main obstacles in the process of controlling agricultural non-point source pollution,namely the problem of information asymmetry between entities,in order to improve governance efficiency.It can be seen from the research that the agricultural non-point source pollution control has achieved certain results at this stage.Specifically,the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on cultivated land has gradually weakened,and the ecological environment of cultivated land has gradually been restored,especially after 2015,the ecological security of cultivated land has been significantly improved,which shows that the "reduction and efficiency" policy has played a "reduction" role in the level of cultivated land ecosystem,and has produced positive practical effects,However,it is noteworthy that at this stage,due to the large differences in social and natural conditions in different regions and the lack of pertinence in the formulation and implementation of policies,the policies issued are not coordinated with the actual agricultural production,and the pesticides and mulch in individual provinces are still the main factors restricting the security of cultivated land,so it is necessary to formulate targeted policies according to local conditions;Without considering the impact of other factors,agricultural non-point source pollution and agricultural economic growth have basically decoupled,indicating that agricultural economic growth at this stage is no longer dependent on traditional factor inputs,agricultural production mode has been changed to a certain extent,and agricultural economic growth has been transformed from traditional extensive growth to green and high-quality development.Combining other factors to analyze the change of agricultural green total factor productivity,it is found that the growth rate of agricultural green total factor productivity is mainly promoted by green technological progress,and economic growth is achieved through green technological innovation,while there is still room for improvement in green technological efficiency,and the allocation of factors has not reached the optimal level,and there is still the risk that agricultural non-point source pollution restricts agricultural economic growth in most regions,and agricultural green productivity has not reached the optimal level,It is necessary to optimize the use of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and mulch film according to specific regions to control agricultural non-point source pollution.In addition,environmental regulations also have a positive effect on agricultural green productivity in different functional areas;From the perspective of the health damage impact of agricultural non-point source pollution,the increase of agricultural non-point source pollution intensity will lead to the reduction of public health level,but the intensity of environmental regulation will negatively affect public health,while the secondary term of environmental regulation will positively affect public health,which indicates that the current environmental regulation intensity is limited and does not play its due role,and the government needs to formulate stronger policies to control agricultural non-point source pollution and improve public health level;Taking Heilongjiang Province as an example to calculate the health and economic damage of farmers caused by agricultural non-point source pollution,the average WTP is 143.3(yuan/person)based on the two-stage dichotomy conditional value assessment method.Based on the cognition of agricultural non-point source pollution,the impact on farmers’ green production behavior was analyzed.The results showed that the cognition of agricultural nonpoint source pollution and the policy environment had a significant impact on the behavior of applying organic fertilizer and water-saving irrigation,and the policy environment had a significant regulatory effect between the cognition of agricultural non-point source pollution and the behavior of applying organic fertilizer and water-saving irrigation,but the relevant variables had no significant impact on the behavior of recycling agricultural plastic film.Based on the above analysis,in order to improve the traditional agricultural non-point source pollution control mechanism,the emerging blockchain technology is used to build a multicenter collaborative source mechanism and auxiliary governance mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution,which together constitute a multi-center collaborative governance mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution,play the main role,improve the governance efficiency,and achieve the organic unity of economic,ecological and social benefits.