Research On The Policy Effect Of Ecological Environment Fiscal Expenditureresearch On The Policy Effect Of Ecological Environment Fiscal Expenditure

China has made outstanding achievements in the past 40 years of reform and opening,but at the same time it is also facing the problems of ecological damage and environmental pollution.The ecological environment has penetrated all aspects of economic and social development and has become a common concern of the whole society.The 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of natural harmony and friendly ecological civilization,incorporated the construction of ecological civilization into the overall layout of “five in one” and set the goal of building a beautiful China.“A good ecological environment is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people’s livelihood and well-being”,which embodies obvious inclusiveness and fairness,has typical public product attributes.Providing the most equitable ecological and environmental public goods is an important responsibility of the government and finance.As the principal part of national governance,the government should provide ecological and environmental protection.One of the most important cornerstones for realizing ecological and environmental governance is finance.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China officially proposed to promote high-quality development by improving total factor productivity and to establish a sound economic system of green,low-carbon,circular development.The Fifth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Party emphasized the implementation of sustainable development strategies and the improvement of the overall coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization.“Enhancing the awareness that green waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” was written into the newly revised “Constitution of the Communist Party of China”.It means that in the new stage of development,China should not only maintain economic development,but also improve the environment,and organically integrate the ecological environment with productivity.The constantly improved fiscal expenditure policy for ecological environment is conducive to promoting the improvement of ecological environment quality,realizing green economic growth,realizing the most inclusive people’s well-being,and promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.Throughout the existing research,some scholars have gradually broken through the limitations of previous research and have greatly expanded the connotation and evaluation criteria of fiscal policy in the construction of ecological civilization.The classical theoretical logic of “government environmental spending environmental governance or economic performance” but lacks detailed research on the green economic effect and social welfare effect of finance in ecological environment governance.What is China’s ability to provide fair distribution of environmental public goods and equalization of environmental public services?Under the influence of multiple uncertainties in finance-environment-economy,what is the impact mechanism of ecological environment fiscal expenditure on green economic growth?Under the requirements of high-quality development and “five-in-one”,what is the impact of fiscal expenditure on the ecological environment on the freedom of all people and the social welfare of development? These issues are of great significance to how to understand sustainable development and the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the above background and problems,this thesis explores China’s ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy and its economic and welfare effects from the perspective of green development and provides useful research results and policy suggestions for the improvement of ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy.In view of this,centering on the core research theme of the effect of ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy,the thesis theoretically analyzes the mechanism and transmission path of ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy on green economic growth and social welfare improvement,combs and analyzes the ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy and the actual situation,and analyzes the characteristics and changing trends of the scale,structure,regional differences and spatial distribution of China’s ecological environment fiscal expenditure.This thesis conducts a systematic empirical test on the nonlinear relationship between ecological environment fiscal expenditure and green economic growth as well as variable impact and conducts an empirical test on the marginal increasing effect of social welfare improvement of ecological environment fiscal expenditure in time and space.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:First,review and summarize the relevant theories by combing the existing relevant literature at home and abroad to lay the research foundation.Define the scope of ecological environment fiscal expenditure involved in this article and clarify the relevant concepts of this article.Based on the perspective of green economic growth,combined with the environmental Kuznets curve and optimal public expenditure theory,in the two-sector economic growth model,the non-linear relationship between ecological environment fiscal expenditure and green economic growth is demonstrated.Based on the feasibility theory,the welfare function is used to demonstrate that the growth of fiscal expenditure on the ecological environment has a marginal improvement mechanism on social welfare.Second,this thesis comprehensively sorts out the evolution of China’s ecological and environmental fiscal expenditure policy,conducts a detailed analysis of the content of China’s ecological and environmental fiscal expenditure policy at different stages,including changes in the subjects of energy-saving and environmental protection fiscal expenditures,the development and improvement of ecological compensation policies,and special transfer payment policies for the ecological environment.Quantitatively analyze the scale of central and local eco-environmental fiscal expenditures,and the structure of ecological and environmental fiscal expenditures,use the inequality index to analyze the overall and regional differences in ecological and environmental fiscal expenditures in China,and describe the ecological and environmental fiscal expenditures through kernel density.Spatial distribution of expenditures.Finally,a comprehensive evaluation of China’s ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy and reality is carried out.China’s ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy has undergone a transformation from “remedial” to “balanced” to“compensatory”,and the management of fiscal expenditure has also developed from "scattered" to "centralized" and then "precise".The scale of expenditure is increasing year by year,but the total amount is insufficient,the structure of expenditure has undergone great changes,and the difference between budget and final accounts is obvious,showing the spatial distribution characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west” and “coastal is better than inland”.Third,according to the theoretical analysis,the SBM-GML model with non-radial characteristics is used to measure China’s provincial green total factor productivity as a proxy variable for green economic growth,and to test the nonlinear impact of the economic effect of China’s ecological and environmental fiscal expenditures.In the benchmark regression,the primary and secondary terms between China’s ecological environmental fiscal expenditure and green economic growth both passed the 1% significance test,and were-1.455 and 0.155,respectively.The “U” shaped nonlinear growth reflects the process of China’s ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy from passive enhancement to active enhancement,which promotes the growth of green economy.Under the policy action of the 2015 “Budget Law”,the difference between the budget and final accounts of fiscal expenditure on the ecological environment has indeed caused a “U”-shaped nonlinear relationship between fiscal expenditure on the ecological environment and green economic growth.Under the test of PSTR model,economic development and industrial structure level have a nonlinear impact on accelerating marginal contrast under the high and low mechanism.Fiscal decentralization has opposite impact in the nonlinear effect,while the scale of fiscal expenditure has a two-way impact,which better verifies the nonlinear characteristics of the model.In the threshold effect test,only the scale of fiscal expenditure and the level of foreign investment have an obvious single threshold,the threshold impact intensity of the two variables is not high,and the threshold effective interval can provide insufficient effective impact space,which makes the nonlinear characteristics more Prefer “V” shaped features.Fourth,with the help of the theory of feasible capacity,a multi-dimensional indicator of social welfare level that is in line with China’s national conditions is constructed,using GMM and spatial panel model are used to test the time lag and spatial interaction of ecological environmental fiscal expenditure on social welfare.The continuous improvement of China’s economy,social protection,environment and public utilities has promoted the overall steady improvement of China’s social welfare level,but the distribution of social welfare level is characterized by a trend from regional dispersion to polarization.In the static and dynamic models,the ecological environment fiscal expenditure has a significant positive impact on the improvement of social welfare level of 10% and 1%,respectively,and has a considerable robustness.The social welfare level also has a positive relationship of first-order lag,indicating that the beneficial improvement effect of China’s ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy has gradually become increasing.The coefficients of the ecological environment fiscal expenditure in the static and dynamic models are 0.023 and 0.104 respectively.The ecological environment fiscal expenditure has a weak marginal increasing trend for the improvement of social welfare.In the spatial panel model,the ecological environment fiscal expenditure has passed at least 5% significance test in the adjacent matrix,economic geographical matrix and geographical distance matrix,the short-term indirect effect and total effect are negative significant,while the long-term direct effect and total effect are positive significant.The model conclusion strongly confirms the social welfare improvement effect of ecological environment fiscal expenditure.The increasing and more equitable distribution of ecological environment fiscal expenditure has a significant role in improving the Pareto improvement of the overall level of social welfare,and there is a certain space spillover.The spillover effect of technological level has boosted the progress of social welfare level,and carbon emission reduction and energy-saving policies have played a positive role in the improvement of social welfare level.According to the research conclusions,the following suggestions are put forward:moderately increase the scale of ecological environment fiscal expenditure,rationally adjust the subjects of ecological environment fiscal expenditure,coordinate the intensity of ecological environment fiscal transfer payment,optimize the direction of ecological environment fiscal expenditure,enhance the ability of ecological environment fiscal expenditure to improve welfare.The innovation of this thesis is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: First,this thesis takes the core connotation of ecological civilization construction in the new era as the foothold,focuses on the policy effect of fiscal expenditure on the ecological environment.As an economic carrier to implement the will of ecological civilization construction,the fiscal expenditure of ecological environment must reflect the economic function of finance and the purpose of the government to provide welfare to the people.This thesis studies the green economic growth effect and social welfare effect of ecological environment fiscal expenditure,in order to enrich the research perspective of ecological environment fiscal expenditure policy and make a useful supplement to the existing research.Second,in terms of research methods,the forest welfare index is combined with the connection between economy and welfare,and the impact of per capita ecological environment fiscal expenditure on social welfare is demonstrated from the perspective of unequal welfare function,and economic growth is included in the social welfare function,so that the ecological environment The economic effect and welfare effect of fiscal expenditure are unified in one research scope.Thirdly,it enriches the measurement methods of the policy effect of the fiscal expenditure on the ecological environment.Based on fixed effects,intensity difference in difference models,panel smoothing transition regression models and threshold effect models are used to describe the nonlinear path of the impact of ecological environmental fiscal expenditure on economic welfare.the spatial and temporal asymmetry of the impact of ecological environment fiscal expenditure on social welfare is verified using dynamic panels and spatial panels.