| Since the 20 th century,with the acceleration of industrialization in various countries,the rapid development of the global economy,the rapid increase of energy consumption demand,and the increasing aggravation of environmental problems,especially in recent years,the scale of climate system change is unprecedented,climate change has become a "fundamental issue" of global development in today’s era,and also a key problem to be solved urgently for sustainable economic and social development.According to the Carbon Dioxide Emissions Report 2022 issued by the International Energy Agency(IEA),China’s carbon emissions in the energy sector in 2022 will be 12.1 billion tons,accounting for 32.88 percent of the global total,much higher than other countries and regions.At the same time,China’s economic development has entered the stage of high-quality development from the stage of high-speed growth and is in a critical period of transformation of development mode,transformation of new and old kinetic energy,and optimization of economic structure.It is the only way to realize the green and low-carbon transformation of economic and social development.To this end,China,adhering to the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind,took the initiative at the 75 th session of the United Nations General Assembly to put forward the goal of carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060,and formulated a series of major strategic decisions and plans for this goal.Environmental regulation tools are the main means for the government to deal with environmental pollution caused by economic development and implement environmental governance.Environmental regulation in China has also experienced a development process from scratch,from the beginning to sound and perfect,and then to a comprehensive upgrade.However,in the face of the increasingly complex and severe external situation and the formation of high-carbon development path dependence,as well as the systematicness,complexity,and long-term nature of carbon peak and carbon neutralization,it is particularly important to clarify the mechanism and impact of inter-regional and intraregional environmental regulation coordination on promoting regional carbon emission reduction.Environmental regulation synergy can be divided into inter-regional environmental regulation synergy and intra-regional environmental regulation synergy.Strengthening the coordination of inter-regional environmental regulation can avoid the "competition for top" or "competition for bottom" effect of environmental regulation while strengthening the coordination of intra-regional environmental regulation is conducive to the coordination of different types of environmental regulation policies to form a pluralistic co-governance situation.Based on the analysis of the synergy mechanism of inter-regional and intra-regional environmental regulation,this thesis determines the regional scope of seven groups of environmental regulation synergy(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Northeast,Central Plains,Yangtze River Delta,Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Southeast,and Southwest)through geographical proximity,economic correlation,meteorological correlation,pollution spillover,and pollution source distribution.The evaluation index system of the inter-regional environmental regulation synergy degree is constructed,which is composed of environmental governance intensity,pollution emission intensity,and emission cost,and then the interregional environmental regulation synergy degree is measured;By constructing the evaluation model of environmental regulation synergy degree in the region,which is composed of administrative order type,market incentive type and voluntary type,this thesis measures the environmental regulation synergy degree of each province,and analyzes it according to the eastern,central and western regions.The results are as follows:(1)From the perspective of environmental governance input,the synergy of inter-regional environmental governance input shows a fluctuating trend,and under the decentralized environmental governance model,China’s environmental governance synergy has not achieved significant improvement,the synergy degree of environmental governance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei joint region is the lowest,and the synergy degree of environmental governance in Central Plains,Northeast,and Southeast regions is higher;From the perspective of pollution emission,due to the large production base and emission base in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei,the performance of pollution control is not obvious.The Yangtze River Delta is a region with rapid industrial development and rapid economic development.The synergy degree of pollution emission in the two regions is low,while that in other regions is generally on the rise;From the perspective of pollution control cost,the seven regions also show fluctuations,and the collaborative governance remains at a low level.The coordination degree of environmental regulation in(2)provinces is not high,and there is little difference among the eastern,central,and western provinces.The level of market incentive and voluntary regulation in some provinces is low,and they mainly rely on administrative orders to play a role in environmental regulation.This thesis makes a theoretical analysis of environmental regulation and its synergistic promotion of carbon emission reduction.This thesis regards carbon emissions as a factor of production,establishes CES and C-D production function models considering environmental costs,and explains the choice of connotative growth path to cope with the downward pressure of the economy caused by resource bottlenecks under the constraints of natural resources.The results show that:(1)Analyze the influence mechanism of environmental regulation and its synergy on the decision-making of emission enterprises from four aspects: output decisionmaking,technological innovation,enterprise relocation,and industrial upgrading,and find that the stronger the regulation,the lower the emission index,and the higher the synergy between the enterprise’s location and the surrounding environmental regulation,the rising intensity of the local environmental regulation will motivate the enterprises to choose technological innovation and emission reduction more than the pollution transfer,and the improvement of the intensity of the environmental regulation will start from the Promote the innovation of hightech enterprises and eliminate the volume of low-tech enterprises to promote the optimization of industrial structure.(2)Analyze the impact of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emission reduction from the three dimensions of total regional emission reduction,emission reduction intensity,and emission reduction cost,and find that the change of total carbon emission is uncertain when enterprises face the increase of environmental regulation,but the response of high-tech enterprises tends to increase the total welfare of the society,while the low-tech enterprises tend to reduce the total welfare of the society;the increase of the strength of environmental regulation synergy leads to the decrease of the average carbon intensity of the society,and is accompanied by the growth of total output;high-tech enterprises and low-tech enterprises tend to improve the total welfare of the society.increases;and the abatement costs of high technology firms and low technology firms change in opposite directions in the face of increased environmental regulation intensity.This thesis studies the effect of environmental regulation and its synergistic effect on carbon emission reduction by constructing a threshold model.For the carbon emission reduction,environmental regulation has nonlinear relationship for it.When the level of economic development is low,the role of environmental regulation is limited due to people’s low requirements for the environment and poor awareness of environmental protection;with the improvement of economic development,the role of environmental regulation is gradually enhanced.The results show that:(1)The effect of environmental regulation on carbon emission reduction shows the "U" curve situation as economic development level and human capital level are taken as threshold variables,that is,when the economic development level is lower than the first threshold value 8.912,the impact coefficient of environmental regulation on carbon emission reduction is 0.0781,and when the value is between the interval [8.912,10.416],the impact coefficient is-0.1125;when the second threshold value 10.416 is gone over,the impact coefficient is-0.1325;as the level of human capital is less than 46.59,the impact coefficient of environmental regulation on carbon emission reduction is-0.1041;When the value is between the interval [46.59,60.12],the influence coefficient is-0.0845,and when the second threshold 60.12 is gone over,the influence coefficient is-0.1543.(2)as environmental regulation and technology innovation are taken as threshold variables to inspect the effect of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emissions.The conclusion is :when the level of environmental regulation synergy is less than 0.1135,the coefficient of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emission reduction is 0.0781;When the environmental regulation level is at [0.1135,0.1834],its coefficient value changes to 0.1125;When the level of environmental regulation is more than 0.1834,its coefficient values further change to 0.1325,and all the three coefficient values pass the 10% inspection significantly.The effect of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emission reduction is positive,and this positive effect has been growing.When the level of technology innovation is lower than the first threshold value 3.53,the impact coefficient of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emission reduction is 0.0215 and shows significantly under the level of 5%;when the level of technology innovation is between the interval [3.53,8.97],the impact coefficient rises to0.0891 and shows significantly under the level of 1%;When the level of technology innovation surpasses the second threshold value of 8.97,the impact coefficient rises to 0.1348 and shows significantly under the level of 5%.Therefore,among different stages of technology innovation,the impact of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emission reduction shows heterogeneity,after crossing the threshold,the effect of environmental regulation synergy on carbon emission reduction is significantly enhanced.This thesis also takes 282 cities as samples and uses the progressive difference-indifferences method to identify the synergistic emission reduction effects among the three policies of carbon emission trading,low-carbon city pilot,and environmental information disclosure evaluation.The results show that:(1)The implementation of the market-based carbon emissions trading and the low-carbon city "double pilot" policy will significantly reduce the city’s carbon dioxide emissions by 15.51%,and optimizing the industrial structure,improving technological innovation and increase the transportation network are effective ways to reduce the city’s carbon dioxide emissions.The carbon emission reduction effect of noneastern cities,low GDP cities,and high resource endowment cities is more significant.The implementation of the dual policy of carbon emission trading and environmental information disclosure evaluation in(2)will significantly reduce urban carbon dioxide emissions by35.96%,and the effect of carbon emission reduction in eastern and central cities and secondary industry-leading cities is more significant,but the impact of the dual policy on industrial structure upgrading is not significant in the short term.However,it can significantly reduce urban carbon emissions through green technology innovation and energy consumption reduction.The implementation of the dual policy of low-carbon city pilot and environmental information disclosure evaluation in(3)will significantly reduce urban carbon dioxide emissions by 9.36 percent,and the effect of carbon emission reduction in eastern and central cities,and recessionary cities,renewable cities and non-resource-based cities will be more significant.The dual policy can achieve the synergistic effect of regional carbon emission reduction by enhancing the intensity of environmental regulation,adjusting the energy consumption structure,and improving the level of regional green innovation.On the basis of this empirical study,in order to further play the role of environmental regulation synergy in promoting regional carbon emission reduction and improve the accuracy of carbon emission reduction policy formulation,this thesis puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:(1)The eastern,central and western regions have their own emphasis on carbon emission reduction regulation policies by matching environmental regulation tools for carbon reduction according to local conditions and combining innovative measures of regional location and resource endowment.The(2)classifies and optimizes various types of carbon emission reduction regulation policies,scientifically and rationally divides carbon emission coordination control areas,and innovates and combines commandand-control,market-incentive,and voluntary environmental regulation policies.(3),we will accelerate the construction of a unified national carbon emission market,expand the scale of the market,give full play to the role of the market,and improve market rules.(4)should coordinate and optimize industrial green low-carbon promotion policies,scientifically formulate green low-carbon development policies in different regions,and strengthen green low-carbon technological innovation.(5),we will expand investment in green and low-carbon infrastructure,improve the framework and arteries of energy,transportation,and new infrastructure networks,and develop clean energy power generation facilities. |
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