A Study On The Relationship Between The Ming Dynasty And Annam(1368-1662)

The vassal relationship between the Ming dynasty and Annam was an important node in the history of sino-vietnamese relations in ancient China.Therefore,it is of great academic value and practical significance to strengthen the research on the relationship between the Ming dynasty and annam,further clarify the historical context,background and causes of the development of the relationship between the two sides in this period and its influence on the later generations,and take this case as an example to deeply explore the characteristics and connotation of the system.The main content of this paper is divided into seven chapters.Comb first six chapters with time as the main line,and the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship development can be divided into five stages: the first stage since the first year of hongwu(1368)to his four years(1402),is the establishment of the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship stage,this stage,the Ming dynasty inherited the yuan dynasty was vassal relationship with Annam,and further perfect the both sides of the tributary system.The second stage,from the first year of yongle(1403)to the first year of hongxi(1425),was the period when the relationship between the Ming dynasty and annam was suspended.During this period,the Ming dynasty sent troops to annam and "counties" to directly rule annam.The third stage(1426)of the first year of jintong to zhengde sixteen years(1521)is the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship between recovery and development stage,this stage,the Ming dynasty and restore and maintain relatively stable in the li dynasty after Annam was vassal relationship,and become an important part of the Ming dynasty was vassal system in east Asia,and Annam also established between countries in southeast Asia with its own "and was vassal system" as the core.Fourth stage(1522)of the first year of jiajing to chongzhen seventeen years(1644)is the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship changes and decline stage,the stage,on the one hand,the Ming dynasty has been facing a divided country of Annam,on the other hand,the Ming dynasty itself after from strong to the reform and the decline stage,because of the national strength continuously breakdowns,and northern border pressure increases gradually,hard-hit was vassal system,lead to the Ming dynasty had to turn to the practical in Annam’s policy,take the "do not refuse to Lebanon,do not abandon the mo" double recognition policy.In the fifth stage,from the 17 th year of chongcheng(1644)to the 16 th year of the yongli period of the southern Ming dynasty(1662),the relationship between Ming and Annam came to an end.However,when Annam’s side saw that it was a foregone conclusion that the qing dynasty would gradually eliminate the forces of the southern Ming dynasty and unify the whole world,his attitude towards the southern Ming dynasty changed dramatically and he turned to cooperate with the qing dynasty.On the one hand,the historical changes of the Ming and qing dynasties enabled the qing dynasty to accept and consolidate the vassal system established in the Ming dynasty,on the other hand,they also profoundly affected the geopolitical pattern of east Asia in the qing dynasty.The seventh chapter,on the basis of the above research,combined with the previous research results,discusses the basic connotation and characteristics of the time of the Chinese vassal system in Ming dynasty.In this paper,on the basis of predecessors’ research results,from the Ming dynasty governance concept and frontier policy making and adjustment,the Ming dynasty and Annam and interaction around other country’s perspective,the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship at the time of the history of the big background,to comb the development of the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship contexts and era characteristics.On this basis,the characteristics,background and influence of the vassal relationship between Ming dynasty and annam in each stage are deeply discussed,and the basic connotation,function and significance of the vassal system in Ming dynasty are summarized.After the above research,the following conclusions are drawn:First of all,the Ming dynasty inherited and follows the traditional feudal dynasty construct of the system,built in the Ming dynasty as the center,to seal gong as a link,in order to protect Francisco solid edge,thick to thin to destroy,word,a tempest,xing after died with yi DE as the basic connotation of legal system,dealing with Annam’s political relations,to maintain the "protect" relations between the two countries and the Ming dynasty as the core,hua yi order embodies the Ming dynasty and Annam was vassal relationship is still a heavy manners without heavy conquests,virtue and not heavy fighting skill of "the center" and "edge","China" and "four" of the Confucian system.Secondly,under the vassal system of the whole Ming dynasty,both Ming dynasty and Annam were faced with a very complex internal and external situation,which led to the constant adjustment of their vassal relationship in the game and conflict,and showed unique characteristics of The Times and their own development.From the standpoint of both sides,the difference of their identity of "hua yi" leads to the conflict of their ideas and positions.In terms of the interaction between the two sides,political strength and national interests were taken as the primary considerations,so Annam’s attitude towards the central plains dynasty presented a process of "obedience-conflict-challenge-obedience".In terms of the external situation faced by both sides,the early globalization era in the 16 th and 17 th centuries led to a severe impact on the traditional east Asian vassal system dominated by Chinese feudal dynasties.Thirdly,the Ming dynasty to Annam as important "was vassal" and to "harmony" of skepticism,and Annam of the Ming dynasty "in adjacent" concept,in constant interaction and conflict,dominated by China,in order to maintain a common was vassal ritual for the principle,on the basis of the national power,by means of control,the realistic interests as the essence of the relationship,and the traditional "world order" to the modern globalization situation supremacy "nations" in the process of transition,formed the strong impact of east Asia was vassal system,this kind of profound changes since the developing mode of relationship between qing dynasty and Annam modern and even future china-vietnam relations has important influence.