The Study Of Generation Of Subjectivity Of New Period Literature (1975-1985)

The subjectivity of literature is an important part of modern literature discourse,which is not only the major component of the complicated literary ecology in 1980s,but also the main reference connecting modern literature and national literary imagination.Bringing philosophy of subjectivity to literature means the doubt for "literature" itself.Subjectivity means the subjective nature in the binary opposition,also represents the status of subject in the context.For literature in transition state of the new period,emphasizing the subjectivity implicated self-reflection and reconstruction.However,for more than thirty years,academia has paid more attention to starting from the subjectivity of literature proposed by Liu Zaifu in late 1980s,carrying out extensible and critical study from the angle of literary theory.While the pedigree pattern of localized discourse of "literary subjectivity" which is the important discourse practice of modern literature,and the generation in the transition state of the new period have not aroused the attention of researchers.What was the literary context that the subjectivity of modern literature be proposed under?How special was the practical evolution of the discourse origin in the transition stage from "Cultural Revolution Literature" to "New Period Literature"?How was it presented in literature of 1990s and later that the theory growing characteristic implicated in itself?Out of consideration of these questions and respond to scholars raised the questions,this thesis makes figures’ subjectivity of new period literature as the key research objects,focusing on "transition state" in history of new period literature,mainly sorting out and studying the generation of literary subjectivity in the course of transition from "Cultural Revolution Literature" to "Reform Literature".That is to say,the thesis stresses the discourse of literary subjectivity in new period transition state,not the subjectivity from the perspective of philosophy.For the research of modern literature,the subjectivity constructed by Liu Zaifu includes three levels:creative subject,object subject and reception subject.Obviously the object subject is the most important because creative subject and reception subject are representation of human subject position.So,the thesis centers on object subject,namely figure’s subjectivity in literary works and thus constructed human subjectivity as literary object,from the multiple dimensions including continuance and transferred meaning of discourse pedigree,literature being return of humanism tradition,humanitarian debate and literary creative practice,restoring the hard generation of subject discourse in the transition state,revealing the significance of realistic care and literary history of reconstruction of individual subject discourse.The thesis adopts the comprehensive research and explanation method,namely connecting close reading and view of knowledge sociology,and connection of critical consciousness and analysis of binary opposition.Leading by questions,adopting analysis method of reflective and critical symptomatic reading,research and explanation is carried out by the way of returning historical situation,rereading historical materials and re-interpretation of works,restoring the generation of subjectivity as an issue about literary discourse and transition in literary history.Despite believing that new period transition state was the generation course of literary subjectivity,the thesis does not avoid the polysemy,suspiciousness and contradiction of literary discourse,literary phenomena and literary works,pays full attention to the special meaning of subjectivity to modern literature,which is the important dimension of self-shaping and self-construction of modern literature especially "new period literature",in an "incomplete" state by now.The thesis is divided into four parts including introduction,part Ⅰ,part Ⅱ and conclusion.The introduction explains research issues,topic area,research perspective,method and frame,briefly reviewing important research achievements relating to this topic.Part I mainly investigates transition field of literary subjectivity generated in new period transition state,divided into three chapters:chapter one mainly discusses the literary historical significance of literary subjectivity,considering that literary subjectivity is the key part of literary discourse in new period transition state,bringing subject philosophy into literature means doubt about "literature" itself,implicating self-reflection and reconstruction demands.From three dimensions of subject discourse generation pedigree,ontological regression of Marxist humanitarianism,reconstruction of writer’s subject identity and literary aesthetic subject,it investigates and restores the hard generation of literary subject discourse,revealing the significance of realistic care and literary history of construction of individual subject discourse.Chapter two selects bringing order out of chaos of literary and art circles in new period transition state as investigation object,by ways of returning historical situation and rereading historical materials,putting it back in literary historical "transition state" from 1975 to 1983 and investigating,raising new points of view towards its time range and historical process.Rearranging the historical process of"bringing order out of chaos" in literary and art circle not only impacts the discussion of new period literary history,but also can be used as reference of paradigm reconstruction for reflecting the study on the segmentation of literary history and its theory limitation.Chapter three makes the pedigree evolution of literary images from revolutionary hero to new socialist man as the investigation angle,discussing historical reversal of enlightenment humanitarian discourse in new period."Revolutionary hero" can be said the typical concept in modeling "new socialist man","new man" implicates the revolutionary factor subverting "old man",while purifying and strengthening "revolutionary" image in left wing literature,diversity and multiple possibilities of literary image have been lost,the real problem of literature as "time" concept has been constrained.Based on this kind of historical situation and realistic rebelling demands,the new period literature contained thick enlightenment humanitarian demands starting from "scar narratology".Part Ⅱ puts the transition field of generation of literary subjectivity discussed in Part Ⅰas the basic prerequisite,investigating the imagination and practice about literary subject in new period transition stage from the following five aspects.Chapter four selects continuance of revolutionary novels and another side of new man modelling neglected by literary historical narration as investigation object.The historical narration would always select and delete some literary elements that could not be brought into narrative frame.In continuance of revolutionary novels in new period,how to remodel revolutionary image in dilemma context,especially what kind of spirit of revolutionary idealism should be inherited by newly modeled revolutionary,what revolutionary style should be held to deal with reality,and what attitudes should be held to put into the tide of times transferring from revolution to reform,as well as the anti-transition demands implicated in these works,are the main problems focused and researched in this chapter.Chapter five takes the returning writers represented by Gao Xiaosheng and Zhang Xianliang as examples,discussing the dilemma and conflict of wound healing concerned in the literary narration of writers of May 7th cadre school in new period."May 7th" writers were participating the transferring course of scholars "from humiliation to power" during their accepting transformation to returning.Their narration basically began from aphasia state of subject,to suffering value identity crisis and resolving,reconfirmation of the legitimacy of peasant identity or revolutionary cadre.Chapter six takes Sun Li,Wang Zengqi and Jia Pingwa as examples,investigating the obvious differences from those tearful scar narrations in the transition stage.The historical revisiting and restatement in Sun and Wang’s literary narrations appeared plain and heavy,with strong tendency of converting to tradition,laying stress on reconstructing revolutionary history and historical reflection by moral self-examination,reaching aesthetic consciousness of subject through discovering free literary form,emphasizing knowledgeable literature and reconstructing daily life.The literary narrations of Jia Pingwa in this period differed obviously,his works showed approval and yearning for modernity of reform from group to reformer,expressing the contradictory attitude towards the impacts on country by modernity,and finding the central angle of view of local culture of Shangzhou through solving the contradiction and crisis.Chapter seven focuses on the literary narrations of reconstruction of knowledge subject in this stage,from the intertextual reading angle of telling stories of educated youth and educated youth telling stories,investigating the hard identity search and subject reconstruction of educated youth in new period literary narrations,especially the Guevara’s revolutionary ideal,slow but deep awakening consciousness,and disillusionment and miserable mentality in them.By contrast,the writers who have published works in 1950s to 1970s,usually came from array of left-wing literature or revolutionary literature,their narrations of rural "land" mixed with the demands of identity construction and subject consciousness.Chapter eight puts the theoretical exploration and literary creative practice of root seeking literature as the research object,grasping the essence of subject consciousness of root seeking literature in view of literary subjectivity,putting forward that seeking root in traditional culture has an obvious intention to seek cultural recognition in reality.It is the core factor to judge root seeking literature that whether the work has modern consciousness and its attitude towards traditional culture.By searching for self,root seeking writers tried to rediscover the path of aesthetic observation in folk cultural tradition,thus reconstruct their cultural identity in reproduction of cultural tradition.The reproduction and imagination of countryside in their works represented the demands to rebuild cultural China and the possible path,the literary map of China formed by root seeking writers implied deep identity seeking and cultural recognition,so that the features of dispelling flattery in the course of modernity of literature was increased.The conclusion outlines the possibility and value of extended study of this topic from three levels through reviewing the thesis,believing that the purposes of constructing individual subjectivity in new period literature was displayed in complexity,contradiction and fragmentation.The establishment of literary subjectivity meant the forming of new discourse hegemony.After the end of transition state of new period literature,with the restart of social modernity,its maladies of one-sidedness and absoluteness have been displayed gradually,especially after the disappearance of revolutionary discourse which was depended by subject discourse,the generation of subjectivity meant the ending of generation of discourse.But subject discourse is the deconstructive power of other discourses,when new context produces new subject discourse prerequisite,it is the time for returning of subject discourse.So,subject will never be ended,thus determines the spectrology value of literary subjectivity.