Marx's View On Poverty And Its Contemporary Valu

Human beings have never been rid of the problem of poverty.After entering the21 st century,human poverty is not reduced but serious,especially in the human experience after the 2008 world economic crisis,poverty problem is more serious,it is not only a serious problems in the poor countries and regions,even developed countries still exist severe poverty,poverty in this kind of phenomenon is called the affluent society,it is enough to show that the problem of poverty in today’s world is still a big global problem.The severity of poverty has led to the aggravation of the polarization between the rich and the poor,which is called the North-South gap in the international community.The widening of the North-South gap has a direct impact on the equality and dialogue of human beings.Poverty exacerbates the inequality of human reality,which deviates from the direction of human development and does not conform to the desire of human development.Poverty causes more social problems,such as hunger,war,strife,social disorder,and stagnation of peaceful development,which in turn exacerbates the poverty situation of human beings,deepens the inequality of human beings,and leads to the polarization of human society,hatred of the rich,and bullying the poor.A series of social problems caused by poverty can not help but make people reflect,what is the purpose of human development? Especially in the contemporary capitalist world,with a developed economy,abundant social wealth,advanced science and technology,and a strong comprehensive national strength,why are there still so many slums and poor people? At the same time,why can socialist China achieve amazing achievements in poverty alleviation? And the developed western countries can’t? How is it possible to build a community with a shared future for mankind in an era of severe poverty? There are too many questions that cannot but call into question and call into deep reflection.In the face of many poverty problems,the fact has proved that the western neoliberalism can not answer,the former Soviet Union as a socialist power with its collapse of the historical upheaval did not provide a solution to the poverty of human methods and paths.At the same time,under the guidance of Marxist theory,the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics has found a road suitable for itself,and this road is becoming wider and wider.We are honored to witness the historic moment of decisive victory in China’s fight against poverty in 2020.Absolute poverty in China has been completely eradicated,which is of great historical significance in the history of China’s fight against poverty and of great international significance in today’s world.In just over 40 years,we have lifted over 700 million people out of poverty,eradicated absolute poverty and completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.This is of great practical,historical and international significance.The practice of anti-poverty in China and the West has proved that Marx’s classical theory still has strong vitality.Although Marx’s theory came into being more than one hundred years ago,the poverty problem of human beings today is still within the scope of Marx’s theory and has not gone beyond his theoretical field.The brilliance of Marx’s theory still shines in today’s age,and its theoretical vitality still passes through time and space.All these make Marx and his theory great and eternal charm.As a part of Marx’s theory,Marx’s concept of poverty is still present in today’s times.Therefore,re-combing and reviewing Marx’s poverty view,especially some basic theoretical characteristics and theoretical dimensions of poverty view,is of positive value and significance to today’s anti-poverty struggle,to realize the common prosperity of mankind,and to move towards an ideal rich and beautiful society.Any theory is a response to the problems of its time,so is Marx’s view of poverty.The era of Marx was an era of rising capitalism.With the completion of the industrial revolution in Britain at the earliest,capitalism employed more and more labor workers to create surplus value for it in order to extract surplus value to the maximum.With the constant improvement of the capital organic composition,hire workers to create more social wealth for the capitalists,workers laid off,the more so the more the number of people falling into poverty,so the capitalist society on the one hand,produce huge social wealth,let the capitalist class lives a life of rich luxury,on the other hand also produces the poverty,The workers themselves are trapped in the misery of poverty.Since his childhood,Marx had an aspiration to strive for the happiness of mankind.He sympathized with the poor and miserable life of the workers.He witnessed many unreasonable and unjust events and was determined to fight for the freedom and liberation of the workers.Marx’s view of poverty is not only based on the realistic problems of his time,but also has a profound theoretical basis.The spirit of humanism in German classical philosophy is its philosophical foundation.Of Kant’s freedom to ontology,Hegel’s theory of alienation and Feuerbach’s theory about the nature of the people are full of labor of people’s subjectivity,people state and the people the essential problems of the theory of caring,all expressed concern of the people’s behavior,this is,of course,Marx and form have important impact on the concept of poverty.Standing on the basis of his predecessors,Marx created his own political economy.In his classic work Das Kapital,Marx first established his own labor theory of value,and on this basis established social production and reproduction theory,surplus value theory,distribution theory and the nature of capitalist mode of production and other contents,in-depth study of the basic theory of capitalist economic operation.It reveals the injustice of exploitation and oppression,slavery and poverty in capitalist society.It was through the study of capitalist mode of production that Marx grasped the operating rules of capitalist society,discovered the total root of proletarian poverty,and pointed out the future and destiny of the proletariat.Therefore,the critical study of capitalist political economy plays a very important role in the formation and maturity of Marx’s view of poverty.Utopian socialism,especially the Utopian socialism of Britain and France in the 19 th century,had an important influence on the establishment of Marx’s concept of poverty,because the Utopian socialists at that time were almost contemporaries with Marx.Their exposure and criticism of capitalism provided the most valuable thought treasure house and theoretical resources for Marx’s criticism of capitalism and construction of the ideal society in the future.From the logical clue of theoretical development,Marx’s view of poverty can be divided into three development forms: one is the view of poverty in Marx’s rational realism.This period is mainly Marx’s contact with a large number of realistic problems when he worked in the Rheinische Zeitung,which triggered Marx’s thinking and views on the problem of poverty;Second,Marx’s concept of poverty in the formation of historical materialism.From the analysis of the relationship between labor alienation and poverty in the economic manuscript of 1844,to the proposition of human reality in the outline on Feuerbach,and to the process analysis of the development history of labor in the German ideology,this paper expounds the influence of communication relations and political state on poverty.The third is the view of poverty in Marx’s critique of political economy,which is mainly the view of poverty in the writing period of Das Kapital.Due to the history and status of Das Kapital,the view of poverty at this time also represents the mature form of Marx’s view of poverty.Marx discovered the production secret of surplus value through the analysis of the capitalist mode of production in all directions and the whole process,which is also the purpose of capitalist production and the secret of capitalist production poverty.According to Marx’s research,the emergence of poverty in capitalist society is in the mode of production of capitalism.Poverty is manifested in the continuous deepening of the degree of exploitation of the proletariat,the continuous expansion of the scope of exploitation and the continuous increase of the number of poor people.The trend of poverty is the intensification of polarization.The ultimate solution to poverty is to eliminate the system of exploitation,transcend the logic of capital,and establish a people-centered social system.Marx’s view of poverty is developed and formed with the development and formation of Marx’s historical materialism,and its rich connotation is no doubt,therefore,it is difficult to exhaust its extensive and profound thought all at once,but this does not affect our analysis and grasp of the basic connotation and spirit of Marx’s view of poverty.The problem of poverty is a problem about people,and the problem of the concept of poverty is also a problem about the free liberation and development of people.Marx’s concept of poverty out attention to realistic individual,poor people and nature,man and society and the state of the relationship between man and self is a focal point of Marx’s concept of poverty,Marx thought to eliminate private with characteristics of exploitation system is essential to solve the problem of poverty,and human liberation and all-round development is the value orientation of Marx’s concept of poverty.Marx’s theory is based on the whole human beings,and his poverty view is also oriented to the whole human beings,so it has global value and significance.For the western capitalist society,its value is mainly reflected in its theoretical aspects,namely,the first is the inheritance and development of the western Marxism to Marx’s view of poverty.For example,Lukacs’ proletarian consciousness and poverty problem,Luxembourg’s capital accumulation problem and the relationship between poverty,Leibovich’s "Beyond Capital" poverty thought and Baudrillard’s consumption society and poverty,etc.Second,the response of other western economists to Marx’s poverty theory is mainly the poverty viewpoint of mainstream economic school,development economic school and welfare economic school.The third is the dialectical examination of Marx’s poverty view to the new changes of the poverty problem in western society.For contemporary China,the value of Marx’s poverty view is mainly reflected in practice.In other words,from the perspective of the poverty alleviation practice since the People’s Republic of China,the poverty alleviation practice in contemporary China is just the practice development within the scope of Marx’s poverty view.Such as through development to solve the shortage of demand,stimulate endogenous power to exert the subjectivity of laborer,the implementation of accurate to solve the realistic individual poverty,poverty alleviation through the innovation system mechanism to release the institutional path green development potential and to solve ecological poverty is embodies the value of Marx’s concept of poverty in contemporary China,Marx’s concept of poverty in the future to further solve the poverty,In particular,relative poverty still has important value enlightenment,such as the great practice of reform and opening up as the driving force,the value orientation of the people’s nature,the road of common prosperity,the advanced socialist system is the guarantee and the leadership of the proletarian party is the key.