| Governments around the world have seen that cultural and creative industry plays a significant role in driving GDP growth,employment growth as well as accelerating urban development,and now the development of cultural and creative industry has become an important direction of their economic policies.The advancement of the industry depends entirely on its basic composition unit--creative enterprises.As cultural entrepreneurs are at the top of the pyramid of the organizational structure of creative enterprises to initiate and lead corporate behaviors,creative enterprises need them to contribute to decision-making and problem-solving through their cognition of the environment and personal judgment.And their competency is closely linked to all levels of the development of creative enterprises.In addition,due to the characteristics of small and micro organizational scale of creative enterprises,their management structure and independence make cultural entrepreneurs in the most critical position in the business operation,and the success or failure of enterprises depends to a large extent on the competency of cultural entrepreneurs.Moreover,unlike traditional enterprises,creative enterprises are faced with more unstructured problems that cannot be solved by simple imitation or following the old methods,which more requires cultural entrepreneurs to possess the competency to surpass traditional entrepreneurs.Such a background makes the composition,dynamic and influence of cultural entrepreneur competency have very important economic,social and political significance,fully reflecting the research value.Based on previous studies,in order to better embody representativeness,small and micro creative enterprises accounting for more than 98.5% of the total number of cultural enterprises were selected in this paper,in an attempt to construct a competency model for cultural entrepreneurs based on the value network of creativity to innovation transformation from the perspective of the fundamental operation mode of enterprises.The general competency model construction techniques in the academic circle are behavioral event method and functional method,which ignore the uniqueness of small and micro creative enterprises from traditional enterprises as well as the specific competency of cultural entrepreneurs based on this uniqueness.Small and micro creative enterprises carry out a cycle of creativity to innovation transformation in a highly collaborative,creative and networked value network,which is their unique operation mode completely distinct from that of traditional enterprises.Cultural entrepreneurs take this unique operation mode as the value carrier of all behaviors and activities.From this,to comprehensively study the unique value activities of cultural entrepreneurs from traditional entrepreneurs,an analytical framework under a specific situation must be applied.Therefore,the situation analysis method was adopted in this paper in view of adapting to the changing trend of the environment,and a group of small and micro cultural and creative enterprises with excellent performance were selected so as to obtain a full view of the cultural entrepreneur competency model based on their multi-level framework of realizing the creativity to innovation transformation.This framework not only allows the cultural entrepreneur competency to be restricted by established environmental conditions,but also integrates intuitive and rational information processing to fully explain the competency different from that of traditional entrepreneurs.More specifically,if a cultural entrepreneur wishes to operate successfully,his competency must be manifested in a set of interrelated processes(i.e.,the value network of creativity to innovation transformation).Thus,the author took the three core structural units of the value network of creativity to innovation transformation as the overall standard to measure the behavioral ability of cultural entrepreneurs,and collected the relevant data of cultural entrepreneurs on this basis,which effectively ensures that the whole research was carried out in the context of the actual operation of enterprises,and better gives play to the protracted nature,dynamic nature and controllability of cultural entrepreneur competency.Firstly,in this paper,the data of value activities in the two stages of creativity and innovation were collected and sorted out,and the research database was established by using the professional qualitative research software Atlas.ti 7.0developed by the Technical University Berlin Germany.Meanwhile,through coding clustering and case analysis,the value network model for creative enterprises of realizing the transformation process from creativity to innovation was constructed,including three core structural units:(1)Consumer unit,the transformation from consumers to value co-creators.(2)Enterprise unit,a value creation network formed by related enterprises in the value chain beyond a single enterprise,providing value to the end consumer.(3)The virtual value network unit formed by digitization and the Internet,because the virtual value network complements and improves the physical value network,realizing the maximum creation of value from the virtual and realistic perspectives.It can be seen that creative enterprises contain cultural and economic ambiguity and involve integration with many traditional industrial enterprises.Technology,organizational innovation and creativity make their relationship with customers and the public independent of traditional centralized production.This operation mode is a cycle of creativity to innovation transformation in a highly collaborative,creative and networked value network environment,characterized by interactivity,integration,individuation,collaboration and network.Then,in this paper,based on the operation mode of small and micro creative enterprises,with the value activities,behaviors,and characteristics of the three core structural units of the value network of creativity to innovation transformation as the basis,in-depth interviews with cultural entrepreneurs and stakeholders of the case enterprises,field observations,and document reference were conducted in this paper to complete data collection and collation.Besides,the research database was established by using the qualitative research software Atlas.ti 7.0.Additionally,through coding clustering and case analysis,14 kinds of special competency elements of cultural entrepreneurs and 25 kinds of competency elements of traditional entrepreneurs based on the three core structural units were identified and measured.And according to the 14 kinds of special competency elements,the cultivation classification table was drawn,laying a foundation for more comprehensive analysis and understanding of cultural entrepreneurs’ specific competency and helping enterprises devise development plans to adapt to the needs of enterprise environment.It shows that although cultural entrepreneurs and traditional entrepreneurs play the same role in enterprises,they have different competencies.By using the analytical framework based on the value network of creativity to innovation transformation,an effective perspective was provided in this paper to find out more competencies related to the work role of cultural entrepreneurs.14 kinds of special competency elements of cultural entrepreneurs were detected,such as identifying cultural and creative resources,coordinating and utilizing arts,establishing and maintaining cultural and creative reputations,utilizing cultural and creative reputations,building the brand of cultural entrepreneurs,seeking the balance between art and commerce,understanding complex identities and power in the context of the Internet,developing artistic taste and artistic sensitivity,developing and utilizing the cultural and creative resources,recruiting creative talents,having professional knowledge and skills,utilizing products to build awareness and understand as well as enter the market,creating a value co-creation system for consumers,and making commitment to the role of guardian of the arts.Finally,based on the three cores structural units of the value network of creativity to innovation transformation,the author classified 39 competencies into three competency domains and one support domain,and finally constructed a conceptual model of cultural entrepreneur competency based on the value network of creativity to innovation transformation.This model is composed of four parts,including consumer unit domain,enterprise unit domain,virtual value network and physical value network domain,and support domain,which can be used for further research on the comparison and verification of different competency domains.The fourth support competency plays a supporting role in the main competency domains,and distinguishes the support competency from the main competency domains,so that the further study of functions of different competencies will be more emphasized in the future.This study attempts to identify and discuss the competency of cultural entrepreneurs in creative enterprises,help the growth of cultural entrepreneurs to make positive contributions to the economy of their regions,and draw some management enlightenment from this.In this paper,the competency model for cultural entrepreneurs was explored on the basis of the value network of creativity to innovation transformation,a new attempt to integrate the knowledge of cultural economics and creative management.The main features and innovations of this paper are as follows:First of all,it was first proposed in this paper to analyze the cultural entrepreneur competency with the realization of value network of creativity to innovation transformation as a social and situational definition,while there is no direct literature research on the cultural entrepreneur competency under this social definition.In this paper,starting from enterprise operation mode,by using the analytical framework based on the value network of creativity to innovation transformation,the competency characteristics of cultural entrepreneurs in completing the task of creativity to innovation transformation were mainly discussed,14 specific competency elements of cultural entrepreneurs were finally identified,and the cultivation classification table of specific competency of cultural entrepreneurs was drawn.The use of this analytical framework enables a full view of a whole set of value behaviors produced by cultural entrepreneurs in the operation of organizations in the whole research process,to observe the cultural entrepreneur competency based on these value behaviors more comprehensively on the whole,effectively overcoming the one-sided negative result that previous studies simply describe the cultural entrepreneur competency from a certain isolated point.In light of this,the research on this unique part of the cultural entrepreneur competency makes this paper an innovation of the competency research of cultural entrepreneurs.Furthermore,the research conclusion shows that although cultural entrepreneurs and ordinary entrepreneurs play the same role in the development of enterprises,they exert different competencies.This makes the detailed analysis and applicability comparison of cultural entrepreneur competency elements and innovation in the research of the competency of entrepreneurs.Secondly,the paper revealed the value network model for small and micro creative enterprises of realizing the creativity to innovation transformation and its core structure,which is an innovation of enterprise operation support theory.In existing studies,the traditional value chain theory is regarded as the established support theory for the operation of creative enterprises,while the composition of the value network actually followed by small and micro creative enterprises has not been paid attention to,and especially the research from the aspect of creativity and innovation is even missing.From the angle of creativity and innovation,in this paper,the theoretical framework of creative enterprise value network with three core structural units involving consumer unit,enterprise unit and virtual value network unit formed by digitalization and Internet was summarized and refined.The value network theory was introduced into the operation management research of small and micro creative enterprises,and the fundamental operation mode of small and micro creative enterprises was revealed,that is,the realization of the value network cycle of creativity to innovation transformation and its core structure.Thirdly,the basic theory of small and micro creative enterprises as well as the creativity to innovation transformation was systematically explained,and the connotation of cultural entrepreneurs based on this theory was described.On the basis of the analysis of cultural industry and creative industry,the connotation,characteristics and functions of small and micro creative enterprises were proposed and elaborated,and the operation mode of small and micro creative enterprises,namely creativity to innovation transformation,was defined and explained.Then according to the special background,the connotation of cultural entrepreneurs was proposed,defined and expounded.In this paper,when the connotation of cultural entrepreneurs was defined,it was emphasized that small and micro creative enterprises are the organizational foundation and the value carrier of all behaviors and activities for cultural entrepreneurs.Also,by using the analytical framework based on the creative enterprise’s realization of creativity to innovation transformation,from the sociological angle of self-improvement,the connotation of cultural entrepreneurs was proposed,defined and expatiated by centering on the organization they belong to and the functions and characteristics generated according to the organizational goals,fundamentally changing the understanding of mobile workers in the labor market theory proposed by previous studies.Fourthly,the paper extended the current academic research on cultural entrepreneurs from the perspective of micromanagement,which is an innovation of the contemporary management theory.At present,western and domestic scholars’ research on creativity mainly focuses on the industrial management.On this occasion,this paper is based on the business administration discipline and starts from the micro level.The analysis of creative research from the point of micromanagement not only expands the current academic research on cultural entrepreneurs and promotes the basic theoretical research on creative enterprises,but also enriches the relevant theoretical systems of cultural economics and creative management,also an innovation of contemporary management theory. |
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