Study On The History Of Naxi Mountain Forest Concept

In the process of the past thousands of years of history,the mountain is the key area of resources to rely on to survive,consistent with human development and the rise and fall for the mountain ethnic groups,the changes of the historical development of society and its system has led to the changes of the concept of mountain forest,first of all this change including the change of the concept of mountains,mountain forest use and the changes of the management system.At the end of the 20 th century,after years of industrial development and construction,China has made great achievements in social and economic development,but the deterioration of the ecological environment is also very serious.It is very necessary to sum up the ecological wisdom reflected in the concept of mountain forest and experience and lessons reflected in the management of mountain forest and the change of the concept of mountain forest,and it is also of practical significance to the construction of ecological civilization in our country.This paper is a case study of this aspect.As another forest treasure area in China,the southwest forest region,second only to the northeast forest region,can maintain such good mountain forest vegetation and biodiversity in the long human activities.The mountain forest concept and ecological wisdom of local ethnic minorities living in it are worth studying.As a mountain ethnic group living in the hengduan Mountains in southwest China,Naxi people’s unique change of forest concept history and ecological wisdom are of great significance to the study of Chinese forestry history and the construction of Chinese ecological civilization.Naxi ethnic group is a minority with a long history in China,is a descendant of the ancient Qiang people,have their own ancient cultural system and way of life,from the Yellow River and Huang River to Lijiang in the hengduan Mountains in the southwest.The special geographical environment and the production way of life in Lijiang,of the Naxi ethnic group and surrounding ethnic relationship formed its own unique concept of mountain and forest management practices.In daily life,the mountains and forests of Naxi ethnic group are an important symbolic carrier for them to understand the origin of their ancestors,understand themselves,the world,their homes,life and death,the destination of their souls and the meaning of life.Naxi people believe that the mountain forest(nature)belongs to the spirit of "svq",and "svq" is a half brother with human beings,that is,the mountain forest concept of "man and nature are brothers",so Naxi people believe that the relationship between man and mountain forest is the relationship between equal brothers;People’s use of mountains and forests is regarded as borrowing from "brothers",so the "debt repayment" ceremony should be held.Moreover,because it is "borrowing",it should be very restrained,controlled within a reasonable range,and abide by the contractual spirit of the agreement between man and nature described in the Dongba Scripture.In Naxi society,the traditional and unique "old people’s Association" organization,"Mountain Warden" and "Water Warden" and the restrained and cautious mountain and forest management wisdom are the practice and embodiment of the traditional mountain and forest concept,which is a local knowledge in life.After the founding of new China,the concept of mountain forest of Naxi ethnic group has changed greatly due to industrial development and the entry of market economy.From the late 1950 s to the 1980 s,the "great leap forward" and "great steelmaking" movements and subsequent industrial development and construction,as well as the impact of the "breaking the four old" movement on the traditional culture of the Naxi ethnic group,the social normative order of the Naxi people in the traditional era and the resulting spiritual order of the mountains and forests have been broken,and the mountains and forests no longer have symbolic significance;After the reform and opening up in the 1980 s,the one-sided pursuit of interests led by the market economy led to the ecological deterioration caused by the collective felling of mountain forests by Naxi people.Behind it is the loss of traditional mountain forest concept and out of control of mountain forest management,which has led to the serious destruction of local mountain forest vegetation.This is also a manifestation and result of the decline of Naxi traditional mountain forest concept.When the environmental crisis came,the state began to pay attention to the protection of mountain forest vegetation.The Naxi ethnic group in Lijiang also explored a new way of mountain forest management and development during this period.With the joint efforts of the national government and the people,the mountain forest ecology in Lijiang was slowly restored.From the development of forestry economy,the establishment of nature reserves and national parks,the introduction of international cooperation and exchange projects,the improvement of the legal system of mountain forest protection,the increase of mountain forest protection publicity to the masses,to the spontaneous afforestation by the people.In addition,people from all walks of life are still exploring the integration of traditional mountain and forest protection concepts into local knowledge education,cultivating students’ ecological concepts and learning local home knowledge,and the development of tourism has also promoted the re-examination,sorting,research and publicity of Naxi Dongba culture to a certain extent.Under the background of national ecological civilization theory,this paper summarizes the wisdom of contemporary mountain forest management and traditional mountain forest concept,and reshapes the contemporary mountain forest concept.Combined with the change process of Naxi mountain forest concept,as well as the historical experience of mountain forest protection and forestry development.From the protection of mountains and forests in the traditional era,to the destruction of the ecological environment caused by the extensive felling of mountains and forests in the period of industrial construction,to the restoration of mountain forest vegetation,the construction of ecological civilization,the concept of sustainable utilization of mountains and forests,and the remention of the traditional mountain forest concept and ecological wisdom of Naxi ethnic group.Combing and summarizing the change history of mountain and forest ideas is very necessary to open up the field of historical research and national history research,and it is also of great practical significance to the construction of ecological civilization in China.