Research On The Change Of Tariff Autonomy Policy In Modern China

As one of the earliest and long-standing taxes in the history of China’s tax system,the formulation of tariffs has a profound impact on the political and economic life of a country.It can not only regulate foreign trade through import and export tax rates,but also directly affect the development direction and scale of the domestic economy.Taking history as a mirror,we can know the rise and fall.Throughout China’s history,successive rulers have attached great importance to the formulation and implementation of tariff policies.Therefore,comprehensively reviewing and sorting out the history of China’s tariff policy changes in modern times,and summarizing the internal logic and law of its changes,are of great significance to the adjustment and formulation of China’s tariff policy at this stage.In ancient times,customs duties were a kind of tax levied by feudal rulers on goods coming and going in their territories,which was an important source of national financial revenue.The rulers of the Qing dynasty had absolute control over customs duties,and tariff rates and rules were never set by outsiders.The unequal treaties signed during the Opium War in 1840 opened the prelude to the abandonment of China’s tariff autonomy.Subsequently,all the customs administration,tariff control and custody rights were all controlled by various powerful countries.When China’s tariff autonomy was gradually losing in modern times,Some western educated Qing government officials,the early Reformists and the national bourgeoisie gradually realized the inequality of tariff rules and the importance of tariff autonomy.They fought for tariff autonomy,aroused the awakening of the Qing government,and tried to fight against the great powers.The process of independent tariff policy change is the dynamic development process of the game subject seeking the balance of interests,as well as the process of standardizing and restricting the interaction of interests of the subject so as to make it orderly.This paper on China’s independent tariff policy changes as the research object,based on the main body of the game perspective,combined with the history method,comparative analysis,examples with detailed historical data and system comprehensively describes the historical process of Chinese independent tariff policy change,and further analyzes the three main body in the position and role of modern independent tariff policy change,On the basis of summarizing the experience and lessons of the loss and recovery of the autonomy of tariff,this paper puts forward some suggestions and suggestions on China’s tariff policy at the present stage,hoping to provide reference for the formulation of the current tariff policy.The paper is divided into seven chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which defines the meaning of “tariff autonomy”,expounds the significance of the research,the main research methods and the structure of the paper,the innovation and shortcomings.The second chapter is a detailed review of the relevant concepts and theories involved in this paper,briefly describes the basic elements of game,cooperative game,the concept of non-cooperative game,and from the perspective of game theory to understand the system and institutional change.The third chapter mainly introduces the tariff rates and tariff in late Qing dynasty to develop power,executive power and power,storage power loss of process,from the political and social,economic,statements of foreign trade and so on three aspects the harm and effect of the tariff autonomy loss and the government of the late Qing dynasty,the early reformists,the national bourgeoisie to tariff autonomy to the effort.The fourth chapter divides the main body of modern independent tariff policy changes into the central government,the national bourgeoisie and the powerful groups,and describes the power changes,behavioral goals and mutual relations of the three main bodies,paving the way for the following chapter five and six.Chapter five and chapter six respectively by constructing powers group and non cooperative game model of the central government,combing the two historical period,the three major changes between the main body of power and interest demands,interpret powers group and the game process between the central government,and the influence of the national bourgeoisie to game,summarize the result of the game two periods.Chapter seven is the conclusion and revelation part of the thesis.It concludes that the change of the independent tariff policy is the balance result of the game between the three subjects,the cooperation is the optimal strategic choice between the great powers and the Nanjing National government,and the national bourgeoisie plays a “double” role in the change of the independent tariff policy.The enlightenment to modern tariff policy is also discussed from macroscopic Angle,tariff function,supervision mechanism and win-win cooperation.