| Five Treatises on Man and Nature is the product of Zhang Dainian’s theoretical creation in response to the double historical tasks of “traditional Chinese philosophy must realize modern transformation” and “Marxist philosophy must realize sinicization” in the Chinese philosophy circle in the first half of the 20 th century.Aiming at the first historical task,in the 1930 s and 1940 s,Chinese philosophers started the climax of integrating ancient and modern Chinese and western philosophy and culture to create a modern Chinese philosophical system.Different from Xiong Shili,Feng Youlan,He Lin,Jin Yuelin,Zhang Dainian stressed that modern Chinese philosophy must be founded on Marxist philosophy.The fundamental reason that causes Zhang Dainian to hold this opinion is that,he uses Materialist Conception of History as a theoretical weapon to analyse the three philosophies,points out that Marxist philosophy is the greatest contemporary philosophical form which represents the trend of future social development.Therefore,we should take Marxist philosophy,which represents the development stage of higher philosophy,as the foundation and subject of establishing modern Chinese philosophy.Thus,the development direction and path of Chinese philosophy in the 20 th century is transformed by Zhang Dainian into the development direction and path of Chinese Marxist philosophy.For the second historical task,Zhang Dainian points out that Marxist philosophy must be “developed and expanded”in order to establish the system of Chinese Marxist philosophy.This“development and expansion”of Marxist philosophy includes two aspects: first,it must criticize and absorb the ideological achievements of Logical Positivism;second,it must inherit the most creative ideas of traditional Chinese philosophy.In A Treatise on Philosophical Thinking,by criticizing and sublating the philosophical idea of Logical Positivism,Zhang Dainian elucidates the philosophical outlook of Dialectical Materialism which forms the basis of his elaborating on the structure and content of the new system of Dialectical Materialism.In A Treatise on Principles and Things,Zhang Dainian,based on his deep understanding and accurate interpretation of Marxist ontology,constructs the cosmology of Five Treatises on Man and Nature,in which things are regard as the ultimate reality and the universe evolves in stages from things.The cosmology of Five Treatises on Man and Nature also points out that the cause of the change and development of things and the universe lies in the two.In A Treatise on Perception and Reality,Zhang Dainian tries to prove the reality of the external world through theoretical analysis of sensory experience,thus he elucidates the materialist conception of sensory experience in the construction of Dialectical Materialist Epistemology.In A Treatise on Morality,based on his understanding of the position and function of the theory of life in philosophy,his view about Marxist philosophical theory of life,his concept of Chinese traditional philosophical theory of life,Zhang Dainian constructs the Dialectical Materialist theory of life.His Dialectical Materialist theory of life is composed of his Ontology,which thinks the universe evolves in stages from the ultimate,his Axiology,which regards “Diversity and Harmony” as the highest value,and his theory of life,which emphasizes that we should achieve the life ideal through practicing our body.The new system of Dialectical Materialism constructed by Zhang Dainian in Five Treatises on Man and nature has made an important contribution to the sinicization of Marxist philosophy,but also has some limitations.It is an important ideological resource for us to study the sinicization of Marxist philosophy and construct the system of Chinese Marxist philosophy. |
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