| Lv Gu Ci Qu Fu Xie Yun Tong(《律古词曲赋叶韵统》)includes the rhyme book of Lv Gu Ci Qu Fu Xie Yun Tong(hereinafter referred to as Xie Yun Tong rhyme book),Lv Lv Yin Yun Fan Qie Gua Shu Tong(hereinafter referred to as Lv Lv Tong)and Huang Zhong Yin Yun Tong Kuo(《黄钟音韵通括》).The three documents were written before1609 AD,written by Cheng Yuanchu,a native of Shexian County,Huizhou in the Ming Dynasty.Huang Zhong Yin Yun Tong Kuo contains a Tong Kuo Pu(“统括谱”)rhyme map,and the Xie Yun Tong rhyme book and the Tong Kuo Pu rhyme map are a kind of book-map cooperation relationship.Xie Yun Tong rhyme book is a Dengyun book based on Shi Yun(《诗韵》),referring to Li Deng’s Shu Wen Yin Yi Bian Kao Si Bian(《书文音义便考私编》)(hereinafter referred to as Si Bian)in terms of rhyme,list of characters and call names,to reflect the rhyming relationship between rhythm,ancient rhyme,word rhyme,and qu rhyme.In terms of appellation,the appellation Qichi(齐齿)not used in Si Bian only appeared in Xiao(萧)Department and Yao(肴)Department Xie Yun Tong rhyme book.However,it has been popularized and applied in the Tong Kuo Pu rhyme map.The appellation Qichi is a reference to Qie Yun She Biao(《切韵射标》),which is Yun Fa Heng Tu(《韵法横图》)attached to Zi Hui(《字汇》).Tong Kuo Pu rhyme map has many references to Qie Zi Jie Yao(《切字捷要》),which is the blueprint of Yun Fa Zhi Tu(《韵法直图》)(hereinafter referred to as Zhi Tu),in terms of compilation characteristics,phonemic new characters,rhyme map column characters,and qie zi li.Moreover,the name and description of Tiao Ping Ze Zhi Zhang Tu(调平仄指掌图)in Lv Lv Tong are completely consistent with Qie Zi Jie Yao.It can be seen that before Zhi Tu and Heng Tu,the rhyme theory of Qie Zi Jie Yao,Si Bian and Qie Yun She Biao has already had an impact and has been inherited,which is reflected in the three documents written by Cheng Yuanchu.Taking Xie Yun Tong rhyme book as the main research object,and t Tong Kuo Pu rhyme map as a reference,the rhyme thought of Cheng Yuanchu was studied according to terms such as Tong,Zhuan and Tongzhuan that illustrate the rhyming relationship between various genres.And the 30 rhymes of rhythm,10 ancient rhymes,14 word rhymes,and 15 qu rhymes were summarized,among which the ancient rhyme division was inherited from Wu Yu’s Yun Bu in the Song Dynasty,and the qu rhyme division was inherited from Zhou Deqing’s Zhong Yuan Yin Yun(《中原音韵》)in the Yuan Dynasty.In addition to using Tongzhuan to reflect the rhyme relationship between rhythm,ancient rhyme,word rhyme,and qu rhyme through Shi Yun in Xie Yun Tong rhyme book,Cheng Yuanchu also reflected the actual pronunciation to a certain extent through special column words,call name characteristics,and Zuo Mou(作某)signs.By examining the special list of words in Xie Yun Tong rhyme book,it is concluded that there are 21 consonants,53 vowels and 5 tones in actual voice,and the actual phonetic features reflected are as follows:Actual consonant features:(1)The main law of clearing of voiced plosives and affricates is that flat tones are aspirated,and oblique tones are not aspirated.However,there are also partial oblique tones with full voiced plosives and affricates are cleared and read as aspirated.(2)The characteristics of the mixture of Cong(从)and Xie(邪)are prominent.(3)Ni(泥)and Ri(日)are intermingled,and Ri is read as Ni.(4)The consonants of Zhi(知)group II,Zhuang(庄)group and Jing(精)group have the same pronunciation,and the third order Zhi group has the same pronunciation as Zhang(章)group.(5)Some of consonants of third-class Zhi and Zhang group are the same as Xiyin of the Jian(见)group and Xiao(晓)group.(6)Chuan(船)and Shan(禅)have the same pronunciation.(7)Ying(影),Yun(云),Yi(以)and Yi(疑)become the same pronunciation.(8)The combination of Xia(匣)and Yu(喻)makes zero initial consonants.Actual vowel features:(1)The actual pronunciation of Zhi group II and Zhuang group words is more pronounced as Jing group Hongyin(洪音).(2)Most of the thirdclass Zhi group and Zhang group are Xiyin(细音),except for a few rhyming characters,which are pronounced in Hongyin.(3)The pronunciation of the opening second order Jian and Xiao group word and the opening third and fourth order word is combined to read as Xiyin.(4)The pronunciation of opening second class lip sounds,tongue sounds and dental sounds combined with the pronunciation of the same first class words.(5)The opposition between the opening and closing of Guo(果)group occurs in the consonants of the Jian and Xiao group.(6)The third and fourth class words of Zhi(止)and Xie(蟹)group are read as the close first class words of Xie group.(7)Some of the close first class words of Xie group combined with the pronunciation of the open first class words of Xie group to read as open Hongyin.(8)The combination of the first class pronunciation of Dang(宕)group intake voice and Xianshan(咸山)group intake voice mostly occurs in the consonants of Jian and Xiao group,a few appear in the consonants of Xin(心).(9)The closing rhyme gradually disappears,and[-?][-?][-?]changed from opposition to[-(14)].Actual tone characteristics:(1)Ping(平)tone is divided into yin(阴)and yang(阳).(2)The whole turbid shang(上)tone becomes qu(去)tone.(3)There is ru(入)tone.From the perspective of phonetic history,comparing the actual phonetic features reflected in Xie Yun Tong rhyme book with the phonetic features of Shexian(歙县)in the Qing Dynasty and modern times,the consistent phonetic features of Shexian dialect since the Ming Dynasty are as follows:(1)There is no obvious regularity in the tone of the full voiced plosives and affricates when they are cleared into aspirated and unaspirated.(2)There are use cases where light lips are read as heavy lips.(3)Ni and Lai(来)are independent and basically not mixed.(4)Sharp voice and group voice are not the same.(5)Some of Ri read like zero initials.(6)Cong and Xie become the same,and Chuan and Shan become the same.(7)The pronunciation of the first class character of Guo group is basically different from that of the second class character of Jia group.(8)The consonants of Zhi(知)group II,Zhuang(庄)group and Jing(精)group have the same pronunciation,and the third order Zhi group has the same pronunciation as Zhang(章)group.(9)The actual pronunciation of Zhi group II and Zhuang group words is more pronounced as Jing group Hongyin,and most of the third-class Zhi group and Zhang group are Xiyin.(10)Palatization of initial consonants occurred in the second order Jian group and Xiao group,and Jian group and Xiao group of open second class of Xie group read as Xiyin,which do not mix with the pronunciation of the third and fourth class.(11)[-?][-?][-?]becomes a[-?].(12)The division of yin and yang in tones is based on the clear and turbid initial consonants as a condition for differentiation.At the same time,there are also development and changes in voice,which are shown in:(1)Some of consonants of third-class Zhi and Zhang group are the same as Xiyin of the Jian(见)group and Xiao(晓)group,which is more obvious.(2)The first and third class pronunciation of Liu group changes from opposition to confluence.(3)Jian group and Xiao group of Guo group is from opening and closing opposites to pronunciation confluence.(4)The nasal ending has disappeared,and the main vowels of Zhen(臻),Shen(深),Zeng(曾),Geng(梗)and Tong(通)gradually become the same and are pronounced as nasal rhymes.(5)The tone is divided into five categories: yin ping,yang ping,shang,qu and ru in Xie Yun Tong.However,in modern Shexian diaclect,there is a division of yin and yang in the qu,which includes six categories: yin ping,yang ping,shang,yin qu,yang qu and yin ru. |
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