Expression Of Gram-negative Bacteria Binding Proteins And Function Of Antibiosis In Early Embryo Developmental Of Artemia Sinica

Given that there is no specific immune existing in invertebrate like that of T cell and B cell in mammalian, an innate immune system functions as the unique mechanism to resist pathogenic microorganisms. The innate immune system of invertebrates is composed of cellular and humoral defense mechanisms that are triggered by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) molecules which evolve to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host[9]. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infectious non-self from non-infectious self. The structures which are recognized by these receptors are referred to as the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Upon specific binding to features on the surface of microorganisms, these PRRs could either directly mediate microbial killing through encapsulation and phagocytosis or indirectly trigger a variety of defense reactions through activating serine protease cascades and intracellular immune signaling pathways which regulate the transcription of the effector genes such as antimicrobial peptides Gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (GNBPs) is an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in invertebrate innate immune system. These immune proteins which are capable of specific identifying and binding to features on the surface of microorganisms trigger a variety of defense reactions through the activation of protease cascades and intracellular immune signaling pathways. The expression of GNBPs have been researched in diverse stage during embryonic development in Artemia by several molecular biology methods including real-time PCR analysis and Immunohistochemistry assay. The result shows that the highest expression quantity of Artemia sinica during embryonic development is at 0h stage. A remarkable down-regulation of GNBP was revealed after being challenged by bacteria infection. The regional expression of GNBP was showed from the results of Immunohistochemistry during embryonic development, this protein was mainly expressed in the part of head and thorax and on the surface of alimentary canal.