| Calling and calling behaviour of different crickets existing in Shandong province are studied in many ways from the behavioural ecology , including biological characters, calling behaviour and reproductive behaviour .In the period of 24 hr , the male of crickets' calling behaviour are continuously observed in three conditions that there are other males or female or not , the calling rhythm(single calling and rivalry calling) in three conditions are gotten , and comparatively studied in different conditions , according to the accumulative total time percent hour , either the time of longest calling or the accumulative total time percent hour, rivalry calling is longer than single calling , and when there are females around the males , their calling are shorter than the other conditions , in a word , rival calling could duration a long time , it is the longest in the three conditions . The calling rhythm could be divided into three stages: few , normal and excessive calling stage , but the sound structure of the crickets show no difference . Calling is the males' cricket instinctive behaviour . The ratios of single calling time in one day and night of Velarifictorus.micado respectively is 48.6% .The calling sound structure in different periods are analysed with the playback recording and oscilloscope techniques , we got the time domain characteristics and frequency domain characteristics , three kinds of song could be gotten in the male crickets : calling song , courtship song ang rival song . Calling song happens when the males existing single ; calling song is used to attract the female with them mating ; rival song only arises from two males meeting before the combat beginning . In addition , calling song and courtship song could be used to distinguish the different species ; while rival song could make the fighting in the males' . Some part of the range of the frequency areoverlap in some close sib species , which may be used to explain the mating in the close sib species .A diffent design is used in trials of females' sexual selection . The results show that heavier males produce large spermatophores . When given the choice between two calling males of different weights , females usually mated with the larger individual . At the same time , the factors of mating status and operation sex ration on male mating investments were investigated . The following were the results and conclusion :1. Male cricket make great behavioural , nutrition and sperm investment during mating . A long courtship by male turned out prior to the partnership and mating . After mating , males' ejaculates , in the form of a spermatophore , were retained outside of female's bodied .Once mating the males might loss their bobies weight.2. Our finding showed significant relationship between spermatophore mass and male body weight instead of female body weight , indicating the male adjusted the nutrition investment based on the assess of itself quality . These results hold out the mating offort hypothesis .3. The males show divergent in investment strategies to different operational sex ratio protocols , indicating this species are able to adjust their investment dynamically . In high male-biased environment , the males increase their ampulla investment and sperm investment to enhance power of sperm competition . On the contrary , in female-biased environment , males enhance the nutrition investment , which could reflect males' intention on raising fitness of his partner or offspring .The genes of outside surroundings have great infection at the duration temperal of the crickets'calling , the intension of the crickets'calling and calling song happening or not . when the surroundings temperature is under 15℃ , the male cricket could not call , however , the mating behaviour might still go on ;when surroundings temperature is low , the cricket need a longer time to beginning its calling , and the duration temperal is also longer than its normal ; while its intension is weaker than the normal condition . Nutrition has a...
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