Analysis On Landscape Dynamic Succession And Pattern Of Large Opencast Coal Mine Within Loess Area

It's an urgent task for our country to rehabilitate the damaged ecosystem. And more attention should be paid to the abandoned land reclamation. During the process of reclaiming the abandoned land in mine, the research for landscape succession and spatial pattern is playing an important role in ecological security, land resource reuse and sustainable development. On the basis of analysis for landscape features, such as landform, vegetation, soil and the like, the author took pingshuo opencast mine as an example and studied the landscape dynamic succession, landscape features and landscape types by means of MAP-GIS and the theory of landscape ecology .The results show that the process of ecosystem landscape dynamic succession in larger open-pit mine includes ones in damaging ecosystem (excavating, occupying and piling) and in rehabilitating ecosystem (landform remolding, soil rebuilding and re-vegetation ). There are different types of landscape succession, but in general, there are three ones according to the sequence of time and space: (l)original landscape-->rock-exploring and land-excavating landscape-->rock and soil filled landscape--> filled dumping site landscape; (2)original landscape-->rock-dumping and land-excavating landscape -->occupied dumping site landscape-->reclaimed landscape; (3)original landscape --> land-occupying landscape-->industrial square landscape-->reclaimed landscape. The research also indicates that landscape features change is fast in space, that landscape persistence varies in stages and that landscape factors are changeable. In addition, by means of landscape diversity, evenness, dominance, fragmentation, fractal dimension and statistics, the author respectively analyzed landforms, plant, soil and so on in the original ecosystem of the typical dumping site, the damaged ecosystem and the rehabilitated ecosystem. In fact, landscape matrix has been completely converted from the original ecosystem to the rehabilitated ecosystem. The indexes of diversity, evenness and dominance in forest landscape have sharply increased, but segregation decreased, which demonstrates that the rehabilitated ecosystem has been a reasonable and fine artificial ecosystem under the control of human. Besides landscape heterogeneity and stability were also analyzed. The creative results in the study are as follows. The theory of landscape ecology about drastic disturbance of landforms has been richened. A practical way could be found to identify the final direction of artificial ecosystem succession. Moreover, the results can be applied into study the land reclamation and ecological rehabilitation of the developed opencast mines and developing ones in loess plateau.