| This study reports observations on the Pataninia Mongolica Maxim's distribution range, habitat types and biological diversity etc. and carrying out analysis of P. Mongolica Maxim populations genetic diversity. The results were as follows: The range of the P. Mongolica Maxim in our country is main in the Inner Mongolia's west and Gan Su's centre. When its soil moisture less than 1.20%, the P. Mongolica Maxim grown badly and began to go into half dormancy and complete dormancy; While, it would germinate again and it can also sprout many times a year and bloomed When its moisture satisfied the needs of growth. The range of soil pH value to the P. Mongolica Maxim's habitat is between 8.47 and 9.15, so it adapted to grow in micro-alkali soil. Eight pairs of AFLP primer were used to amplify 8 populations of P. Mongolica Maxim's genome DNA, and 397 clear bandings can be gained between 65-530bp, in which 286 bands are pleiomorphy and average 35.75 pleiomorphy bandings were amplified in each line. The range of average genetic distance in 8 populations is between 0.0687-0.2019, among which the genetic distance between pop4 and pop8 is the shortest and genetic distance between pop4 and pop5 is longest. It means that there were some genetic different in the inter-populations. According to evaluate modulus of the Nei index number is 0.3189, that is, 3189% genetic variation was existed in the inter-populations The cluster analysis showed that P. Mongolica Maxim populations that growing under the similar ecological conditions or its geographic distance quite near, seems to be precedence clustered. Its genetic diversity showed very obvious region correlativity and genetic types convergent character , it demonstrated that different P. Mongolica Maxim populations may be originated from in common ,and random genetic drift and inbreeding depression is not the main course that affect genetic diversity.
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