Research On One-dimensional Photonic Crystal Containing Negative Refraction Materials

Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structures fabricated artificially, which exist photonic band gap and the propagation of electromagnetic waves with Frequencies within the gap is forbidden. Accordingly, it can provide a good way to control the propagation of photon which is analogous to the case of electrons in semiconductors. The photonic band gap depends on the symmetry of photonic crystals, the refractive index of constituents and the size of unit cell. The photonic band gap materials have wide potential applications in fabricating new type of optical devices.In recent years, a complicated artificial material with negative permittivity and negative permeability has attracted much attention theoretically and experimentally. According to the definition, the refractive index n is also negative for such a material. So it was named negative refraction materials. In this paper, we consider photonic crystals containing negative refraction materials. Many unique features of light propagation are expected in this structure.In this thesis, we make theoretical research on the behavior of light propagation in one dimensional photonic crystal containing negative refraction material by means of numerical simulation.In chapter 2, the theoretical research methods of one dimensional photonic crystal containing negative refraction material are introduced. By using the condition that the tangential components of electromagnetic field and its first derivative are continuous across the interface, we can get the transfer matrix which connects the fields between the incident end and the exit end. Using the transfer matrix, the transmission coefficient of the monochromatic plane wave can be expressed in terms of its matrix elements.In chapter 3, by means of transfer matrix method, the numerical simulation and analysis for the properties of light propagation in one-dimensional photonic crystals with alternative layers of negative refraction materials and positive refractionmaterials have been made in this paper. The transmittance and dispersion relations of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing negative refraction materials were calculated. It's shown that, on normal incidence, the photonic crystals containing negative refraction materials have wider photonic band gaps which is different from the case of traditional photonic crystals, which have narrow transmission bands. Based on dispersion relationship, this phenomenon was explained. This kind of photonic crystal can be made narrow band filter which has no ripples. There is great application in wavelength and precision measure technology. In addition, the relation between the reflectance and incident angle was discussed. It's found that one-dimensional photonic crystals containing negative refraction materials have better angular properties than traditional photonic crystals and the structure is omni-directional reflective from incident light with central wavelength.Based on electromagnetic theories, the expression of transfer matrix of periodical structure formed by single-negative materials is given in chapter 4. By using such transfer matrix, the numerical simulation and analyses for the properties of light propagation in one-dimensional photonic crystals constructed by two kinds of single-negative materials have been made. It's shown that this structure can possess a new type of photonic gap. Distinct from the Bragg gap, the photonic gap is invariant with scaling length. The phenomenon was illustrated quantitatively and qualitatively on the basis of the transmission line mode and the field behavior in photonic crystals. The new type of photonic gap perhaps makes photonic crystals developed towards miniature and integration.