The Effect Of Disturbance On Vegetation In The Constructing Area Of Yalong River Jinping Hydroelectric Power Station

Although the development of hydroelectric power station has brought enormous economic effectiveness to the world, it has disturbed surrounding natural ecosystem intensively, especially disturbed surrounding vegetation. The disturbed vegetation will have an impact on the matter flow and energy cycle and possibly induce ecosystem degradation. In this study, we investigated the effect of engineering construction on characteristics of surrounding disturbed vegetation, main vegetation types in work area and main local vegetable resources in different environmental condition on Jinping hydroelectric power station. The results showed as follows:1. The engineering construction had an important impact on vegetation on the constructing area (including the grade 1 and 2 hydroelectric power station, work area of outside road and surrounding area). The results showed that the dominant species changed in different plots; the species diversity of the community decreased and the main community type changed.2. According to dominance changes, the plants are partitioned into three types. The first type is that the dominant plant before disturbance such as Jatropha curcas, Pinus yunnsnensis, Pouzolzia elegana, Pyracantha fortuneana, still remained highly dominant after disturbance; the second type is that the dominant plant before disturbance such as Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides, Tetrastigma obtectum, lost its dominance after disturbance; the last type is the plant, which are not dominant plant before disturbance, but after disturbance became dominant plant, such as Morus alba, Dodonaea viscose, Eriophorum comosum. The first type plants have strong capacity of resist disturbance; the second type plants are considered sensitive plants, the third type plants have the ability to adapt for bad environment, and therefore, the first and the third type's plant can act as the plants that can restore vegetation in engineering.3. Plant diversity indices (Gleason richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index) of vegetation under disturbance were lower than those in natural plots. Gleason richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index lowed 3.18,1.22,0.18 and 8.46 separately in the grade 1 hydroelectric power station plot at an elevation of l,300～1,600 metres above sea level; Gleason richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index lowed 2.75,0.56,0.09 and 4.3 separately in the grade 1 hydroelectric power station plot at an elevation of above 1,600 metres above sea level; Gleason richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index lowed 4.2,0.59,0.05 and 5.01 separately in the grade 2 hydroelectric power station plot at an elevation of 1,300—1,600 metres above sea level; Gleason richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index lowed 3.37,0.59,0.05 and 5.01 separately in the grade 2 hydroelectric power station plot at an elevation of above 1,600 metres above sea level; Gleason richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index lowed 3.62,4.96,0.11 and 29.13 separately in outside road plot at an elevation of 1,300～1,600 metres above sea level; Gleason richness index, Shannon～Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index lowed 2.02,3.96,0.07 and 21.84 separately in outside road plot at an elevation of above 1,600 metres above sea level.4. The result of clustering analysis showed that vegetation type put up great change, especially shrub and hassock. The type of community in disturbed plot was higher than natural plot besides. The vegetation of Jinping hydroelectric power station construction area can be summed into 9 types, such as Jatropha curcas+Lespedeza cuneata formations. From the vegetation restoration.. angle,vegetation restoration of the first Jinping hydroelectric power station constructing area at the attitude of 1,300～1,600m can select Jatropha curcas+Lespedeza community,Broussonetia papyrifera+morus alba-Pouzolzia elegana community,Albizzia kalkora community etc,Vegetation restoration of the first Jinping hydroelectric power station constructing area at the attitude of over 1600m can select Keteleeria evelyniana+Pinus yunnanensis community etc,vegetation restoration of the second Jinping hydroelectric power station constructing area at the attitude of 1,300—1,600m can select Pistacia weinmannifolia+Broussonetia papyrifera community etc,vegetation restoration of the second Jinping hydroelectric power station constructing area at the attitude of over 1600m can select Pinus yunnanensis community, Albizzia kalkora community etc,vegetation restoration of the external road constructing area at the attitude of 1,300～1,600m can select Broussonetia papyrifera community, Albizzia kalkora+Robinia pseucdoacacia community etc,vegetation restoration of the external road constructing area at the attitude of over 1,600m can select Keteleeria evelyniana+Pinus yunnanensis community, Pyracantha fortuneana+Berberis wisoniae community etc.5. The local vegetation resources were rich in engineering area including herbage 16 species, shrub 18 species and arbor 10 species. The result of gemmation experiment showed that the gemmation rate of most plant was above 30%.Considering the environmental characteristics of engineering area, we offered a few ideas as follows,Vegetation restoration of slope at an elevation of 1,300～1600 metres above sea level should choose these plants, such as Artemisia argyi, Debregeasia longifolia, Dodonaea viscose, Indigofera pendula, Eriophorum comosum, Anemome hupenensis, Kochia acoparia, Fiacs tikoua, Clematis brevicaudata, Pueraria cmejensis, Setaria viridis, Cynodon Dactylon, Broussonetia papyrifera, Crotalaria usaranioensis, Albizzia kalkora, Pouzolzia sanguinea, Vitex negundo, Pyracantha angustifiolia, Viburnum sp, Lespedeza cuneata,Nepeta cataria,Cymbopogon goerinii, Fagopyrum- tataricum,Cynoglossum amaablie, Bauhinia championii,Terminatia francheti,Incarvillea arguta, Polygonum nepalense, Pistacia weinmannifolia, Oxyria simensis,Oxyria digyna, Mimulus szechuanensis, Myrsine Africana, Campylotropis hirtella, Diospyros mollifolia, Merremin cordata, Pouzolzia elegana, Rhus chinensis.Vegetation restoration of slope at an elevation of above 1,600 metres above sea level should choose these plants, such as Solanum lyratum,Dodonaea viscose, Indigofera pendula, Eriophorum comosum, Anaphalis nepalensis, Anemome hupenensis, Clematis brevicaudata, Lespedeza floribunda, Setaria viridis, Vitex negundo, Artemisia roxburghiana, Pyracantha angustifiolia, Gendarussa vulgaris, Berberis wilsonae, Cymbopogon goerinii, Coriaria nepalensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Vitis quinquangulahs, Andrachne chinensis, Bidens pilosa, Albizzia kalkora, Oxyria simensis, Ziziphus Montana, Oxyria digyna, Kyllinga brevifolia, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Myrsine Africana, Pteris vittata, Leptodermis microphylla, Diospyros mollifolia, Litsea populifotia, Pinus yunnsnensis, Keteleeria evelyniana.Wegeta.tion restoration of residue field should choose these plants, such as Artemisia argyi, Kochia acoparia, Setaria viridis, Broussonetia papyrifera, Pouzolzia sanguinea, Jatropha curcas, Morus alba, Hippophae rhamnoides, Albizzia kalkora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Pyracantha fortuneana, Cynoglossum amaablie, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Coriaria nepalensis, Morus alba, Mimulus szechuanensis, Datura metel, Pinus yunnsnensis, Keteleeria evelyniana. Vegetation restoration of tunnel should choose these plants, such as Pueraria cmejensi, lygodium japonicum, Pyracantha fortuneana, Berberis wilsonae, Bauhinia championii, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Incarvillea arguta, Akebia quinata, Parthenocissus nimalayana, Stephania cepharantha, Aquilaria sinensis, Vaccinium flagile, Pteris vittata. Vegetation Restoration of encampment and dam area should choose these plants, such as Debregeasia longifolia, Indigofera pendula, Fiacs tikoua, Clematis brevicaudata, Lespedeza floribunda, Pueraria cmejensis, Cynodon Dactylon, Dalbergia mimosoides, Pouzolzia sanguinea, Pyracantha angustifiolia, Kunimerowia atriata, Fargesia spathacea, Lespedeza cuneata, Bauhinia championii, Nouelia insignis, Terminatia franchetii, Pistacia weinmannifolia, Andrachne chinensis, Albizzia kalkora, Oxyria simensis, Ziziphus Montana, Quercus cocciferoides, Pratia nummularia, Pteris vittata, Leptodermis microphylla, Diospyros mollifolia, Phyllanthus emblica.