Research On Distributed Hydrological Model In Western Tianshan Mountains

Hydrology phenomenon limits the development of Hydrology theory in certain degree, such as hydrology phenomenon irreversible in time scale and direction of time, variation of space and hydrology data deficient. With the quick development of GIS, RS, GPS etc, Hydrology science has new power. Distributed hydrological model could help people go into further research and know the evolutionary process and disciplinarian of hydrological cycle in different time and space scale.Watershed information is necessary of hydrological forecast;extracting watershed information is Premise Conditions of building distributed hydrological model, making hydrological forecast and other relatively researching. So the method of extraction of watershed information in the west of Tianshan Mountain area is discussed in the paper by assuming DEM with 1:250000 scale of Xinjiang and 100m resolution and with ArcGIS software, including extracting water system, dividing subcatchments, extracting basin boundary etc.Traditional hydrological forecast model is main dependent on actual rainfall data of Precipitation Stations and observation discharge data of hydrology stations.It thought wholly Hydrological Processes is a integer and basically didn't consider catchment's character and spatial distribution of rainfall.But the factors which influence spatial distribution of rainfall have geographic coordinate, slope, aspect and so on besides height. so in this paper choose the better interpolation effect methods in genomic statistical means. The spatial distribution of rainfall in the west of Tianshan Mountain was discussed, based on IDW, Kriging and Co-kriging which considered graphic location, slope, aspect and height. By analyzing the rainfall and snow character in the west of Tianshan Mountain area and eight day artificial snow data of EOS/MODIS, SanShui Yuan Xi'anjiang Model is improved. Distributed hydrological model is built, which could reflect basin character of the west of Tianshan Mountain area based on the conceptual hydrological model of snowmelt type of Xi'anjiang Watershed Model.In order to verifying the feasibility of the model, using the Distributed hydrological model simulate the daily Runoff process based on remote measuring and hydrological station data which daily rainfall data, daily average temperature data and daily evaporation data of the area of May, 2005.By comparison the simulate result and the observed runoff founding that the Distributed hydrological mode is feasible and obtains better effect. The qualified rate of month water quantity is 100%, the qualified rate of daily water quantity is 76.5%, the deterministic coefficient of forecasting scheme is 81.2 and the efficiency of forecasting scheme is class 2.