Primary Study On The Morphological Anatomy And Eco-physiological Characteristics Of Cyperus Malaccensis Var. Brevifolius

The paper studied the anatomy structure and the micromorphology of epidermis under SEM,seasonal population dynamics,main nutrient contents,optimization of the technology for extracting total flavonoids and its seasonal dynamics,the influence of different soil solution electrical conductivity to the Cyperus malaccensis var.brevifolius. The main results are as follows:The stomatal density on the stem of Cyperus malaccensis var.brevifolius is 10/mm²,The borehole pattern of stomatal is paracytic type and parallel with the long cell of epidermis.The base of stalk is surrounded by the brown vagina,on the top of vagina,it has short leafs or leafless.Three bracts with the structure similar to the leaf is verticillate below the flower,the stem is green and replace the leaf to carry out the function of photosynthesis,the rhizomes and roots have the characteristics adapt to the environment of marsh and hydrophily:the gas cavity pipelines in the middle cortex of roots may interpenetrate with those of the other organ of the plant,which form a fine breathable system to fit in with growing in wet unprocessed mire environment.The ripe fruits' surface has reticulate-tuberculate,made up of the tuberculates and the meshes and raphes around them,which is as a result of accumulating of the silica body on the fruit's surface. Researches show that the micromorphological characters and ultrastructure of fruit coats with different modality,complicated structure and jarless character are considered most valuable in taxonomy.The seasonal dynamic of height and density of Cyperus malaccensis var.brevifolius are "S"curve.The maximal height is 182cm in the middle of August,Population density also reach the maximum with 782/m² in that month.Both the aboveground biomass and the underground biomass have seasonal dynamics,Seasonal dynamics of percentages of aboveground biomass in total biomass is after rising first descend,On the contrary, seasonal dynamics of percentages of underground biomass in total biomass is after descending first rise,Its seasonal dynamics curve is unimodal.The vertical structure of underground biomass of Cyperus malaccensis var.brevifolius was typical pyramid-shaped. The crude protein is 6.33%,crude fat is 9.00%,crude fiber is 25.86%,total carbohydrate is 3.84%in the main nutritional components of Cyperus malaccensis var.Brevifolius. The contents of Asn and Gln are higher in 17 amino acids studied,they are 16.02%and 13.67%respectively.Circular grain alcohol extraction,Ultrasonic extraction and microwave extraction techniques were applied respectively in the extraction on total flavone from Cyperus malaccensis Lam.var.brevifolius to find the optimum condition.The optimum conditions of ethanol extraction were 70%ethanol,extraction time 2.5 h at 90℃,the proportion of stuff and liquid is 1:60(g/ml).The optimum conditions of ultrasonic wave extraction were 60%ethanol,extraction power 400W,extraction time 10min,the proportion of stuff and liquid is 1:60(g/ml).The optimum conditions of microwave extraction were 60%ethanol,extraction power 540W,extraction time 20s,the proportion of stuff and liquid is 1:70(g/ml).The three ways of extraction were suitable,but the microwave extraction could save much time than the others.The contents of total flavonoid aboveground of Cyperus malaccensis var. brevifolius according to seasonal dynamics were determined.The content of total flavonoid aboveground shows a distinct seasonal dynamics:higher in January,middle in July and October but lowest in May.The soluble sugar content of aboveground and underground has the rising trend as the increase of soil electrical conductivity(salinity).The soluble sugar content of underground part is higher than that of the aboveground part in the same place.The effect of salt stress on content of free proline of Cyperus malaccensis var.brevifolius.Without obvious difference in the experiment salt concentration range.The content of organic acid is positively related to soil electri- cal conductivity,The organic acid content of aboveground part is higher than that of the aboveground part in the same place.The contents of inorganic salt K⁺,Na⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺have regularity change with the different habitat saltness.The contents of K⁺,Na⁺,Mg²⁺are increased as the rise of soil electrical conductivity,but the content of Ca²⁺is decreased as the increase of soil electrical conductivity,Furthermore,the contents of inorganic salt are K⁺＞Na⁺＞Ca²⁺＞Mg²⁺.