The Research And Application Of Noise Attenuation Technique For Seismic Data

In recent years, along with oil field exploration situation unceasingly thorough, the exploration becomes more and more difficult, in order to search for more oil, oil fields all transform their goals from shallow layer to deep layer. But in the acquisition process of field seismic data, there are various interferences on seismic records because there are many influences due to outside conditions, construction factors and apparatus, such as arrangement combination way, detector combination way, exploration way and condition, reception condition, arrangement length, outside high pressure power supply, sound wave, mechanical vibrations and artificial vibration and so on. These interferences generally are separated into four sorts: the pulse interference, the random interference, the linear regular interference and the multiple. In particular, in the acquisition process of high resolution seismic data, in order to obtain high frequency signal, have to use small charge size to explode, small combination or no combination and even single detector to receive, then relatively says each kind of interference is more serious. These interferences have seriously affected the data signal to noise ratio and restricted badly to the improvement of data resolution.Must use the effective means to suppress and weaken these interferences in the data processing process, and ensure the signal to noise ratio to achieve a higher degree. For this, home and overseas experts, scholars and processors have done massive researches to weaken noises, and have obtained a better effect.While studying and absorbing the domestic and foreign advanced technologies, we carefully analyzed the noise characteristics of Shengli seismic data. Based on different noise types and natures, we groped a set of processing technologies and methods which could weaken noises, and have obtained good application effects in the actual production, for example: the area abnormal noise technology, the FX coherent noise suppression separation surface wave technology, the wavefield separation suppression surface wave technology, the prestack main component reconstruction random noise weaken technology, the 3D repeatedly pre-/post-stack random noise weaken technology, the multiple weaken technology and so on. Based on seismic data that took from Jiyang Depression in recent years as the source material, this paper has carefully analyzed the noise characteristics of correlative seismic data, held the key problem that worked on noise weaken of the deep layer seismic data, has mainly done researches on the pulse noise attenuation technology, the prestack coherent noise attenuation technology , the prestack main component reconstruction random noise attenuation technology , the prestack 3D random noise attenuation technology , the post-stack random noise attenuation technology and as well as the multiple attenuation technology , and has obtained good application effects in the actual production.