Landscape Dynamics And Driving Forces Of The North Of Hangzhou Bay Coastal Area In Shanghai

Since the 1980s in Shanghai,economic develop rapidly, fast urbanization,high degree of industrialization, fast population increase, all of these mentioned above have made the landscape pattern of coastal area change a lot. This article based on the landscape ecology theory and method, with the support of 3S technology, through interpretation of sensing images at three phase in 1994, 2003, 2007,and combine with FRAGSTATS3.0 to analyse the landscape pattern evolution at the coastal regions of the north of the Hangzhou bay, chose Haiwan town and Zhelin town of Hangzhou bay,and compare their rural settlement landscape, we finally use statistical software SPSS13.0 to quantitative analyse the driving factors of the evolution, so that we can provide the the scientific basis for planning and management for the local goverment,it also have realistic significance to explore the landscape pattern evolution towards the direction to benefit human.The major conclusions are as the following:1. In the analysis of five landscape index of the class level, farmland landscape is leading landscape, class area change is the most significant, reducing 3899.17 hm2. The patch density of rural residential and agricultural landscape decline greatly, reducing 3190 and 2778, fragmentation increased. The LPI value of the developing land and road landscape increase greatly, increasing 1.29% and 1.34%,but the LPI value of the tideland and water landscape decline greatly, reducing 4.12% and 4.24%.The PAFRAC value of every landscape change less.The IJI value of the water landscape increase greatly,increasing 24.62%,the number of the landscape adjacent water landscape increase greatly. The AI of water landscape decline greatly in 13 years, reducing 20.93%,become more and more fragmentation. In the index of the landscape level,landscape diversity is high in the whole area, and will increase in the future,every landscape distribute more uniform in the landscape,no advantage class in landscape.2. In the analysis of landscape pattern transfer matrix, during 1994-2003, the area of city land landscape, developing land landscape, road landscape, railway landscape, woodland landscape and factory landscape increase, the area of rural residential land landscape, farmland landscape, water landscape, tideland landscape and fishpond landscape decline. From 2003 to 2007, six classes of the landscape have increase with different degrees, which are urban land, developing land, road, factory, woodland and railway. Five classes of the landscape decline with different degrees, which are rural residential land, farmland, water, tideland, fishpond. With the urbanization of north of the Hangzhou bay, water landscape and farmland landscape turn into developing land landscape, then most of the developing land landscape turn into factory landscape or other landscape. In the past 13 years, the most increasing in area of the landscape patterns in north of the Hangzhou bay is the factory landscape (increase 3751.51hm2), the most reducing is the farmland landscape (reduce 3899.17hm2),these changes indicated that, with urbanization of north of the Hangzhou bay,the main type of the landscape pattern turn from the farmland landscape into the factory landscape.3. In the comparative analysis of the towns (street) landscape pattern characteristics,six towns (street) have increased the degree of fragmentation in 13 years.From 1994 to 2003,six towns (street) have a significant increasing in fragmentation ,and in the six towns (streets),the AI of Luchaogang town is highest and fragmentation is the lowest,and the AI of Caojing town declined from fourth in 1994 to the last one in 2003,and its fragmentation increases.While from 2003 to 2007,except the street of shihua,the fragmentation of the other five towns decreased slightly,the phenomenon of fragmentation eased .However,the AI of Luchaogang town is still the highest,the AI of Shanyang town is higher the zhelin town,indicating the the fragmentation of Zhelin Town is gradually higher than Shanyang Town.In landscape diversity, from 1994 to 2007,Shihua street is declining in the six towns (streets),the down to the last one;Shanyang town,Caojing town,Haiwan town rising,of which Haiwan town is jumping at the first over the Luchaogang town,landscape diversity is the highest.Luchaogang town declined slightly at first and then huge surge, the overall trend is upward.4. Although Haiwan town and Zhelin town belong to the landscape of the south of China,but their landscape pattern are different, it mainly because the two towns have different historical development,Haiwan town is mainly based on farm,the shape of river is flat and regular, rural settlement is relative concentration,the scale of rural settlement is large;but the zhelin town is mainly based on traditional agriculture and aquaculture industry, compared to haiwan town, the shape of river is complicate and irregular, the rural settlement is relatively scatter and the scale is smaller, the rural settlements of Zhelin town close to the river. Because the study area belongs to the coastal region of south of China, so most people chose near water to live,result in most of the rural settlements are located near the river. But the rural settlements of the two towns are farther and farther away from the river in 13 years.5. In the analysis of driving forces, economic development and population growth are most important factors to reduce farmland landscape area.