Study On The Taxonomy And Zoogeography Of Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Of China Seas

The family Nassariidae is a group of common and small gastropod molluk, widely distributed in all habits over the world. However, a systematic study involving overall China coast of the species in this family is vacant. Besides, amounts of synonym and homonym existed in previous records. So this paper could give a better understanding of the animals in this family.The present study mainly based on specimens deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Qingdao, and aimed to give a comprehensive understanding of the faunal composition and zoogeography of Nassariidae from the China seas. The specimens examined in the study were collected from the China seas ranging from the Bohai Sea, to the southern South China Sea, mainly by the National Comprehensive Oceanographic Survey (1958-1960), the China-Vietnam Joint Oceanographic Survey to the Beibu Gulf(1959-1960,1962), the CAS Xisha Islands Marine Biological Investigation(1975-1980), and the CAS Nansha Islands Investigation(1985,1987-2000).Based on over 1000 numbers of nassarid specimens, taxonomic characteristics and zoogeography are summarized. Erroneous identification of similar and confused species are corrected and clarified. Molecular and morphological methodologies are utilized for building the cladogram and analyzing the phylogeny.In the present study,46 species belonging to 2 subfamilies,2 genera and 9 subgenera of Nassariidae are described, of which 1 is found to be new to science,8 species are recorded for the first time from China. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided and listed to all the 46 checked species, the morphological characters are observed, photographed. The radula and protoconch are observed and described both under optical microscope and electron microscope. Keys to all genera and subgenera are provided. Study of zoogeography shows that there are 3 world-wide distributed species,6 warn temperature zone species,11 subtropical species and 26 tropical species occurring in China Seas. And the species diversity increased as the latitude decrease. This study will establish foundations for further research in related studies.All species researched in this study are listed as follows:those with one asterisk "" recorded for the first time from Chinese waters, "" new species.Subfamily Nassarrinae Iredale,1916Genus Nassarius Dumeril,1806Subgenus Alectrion (Montfort,1810)1. Nassarius (Alectrion) glans (Linnaeus,1758)2. Nassarius (Alectrion) papillosus (Linnaeus,1758)Subgenus Niotha H.& A. Adams,18533. Nassarius (Niotha) albescens (Dunker,1846)4. Nassarius (Niotha) conoidalis (Deshayes,1832)5. Nassarius (Niotha) livescens (Philippi,1849)6. Nassarius (Niotha) jacksonianus (Qouy and Gaimard,1833)7. Nassarius (Niotha) nodifer (Powys,1853)8. Nassarius (Niotha) crenoliratus (Adams,1852)9. Nassarius (Niotha) quadrasi (Hidalgo,1904)Subgenus Pliarcularia Thiele,192910. Nassarius (Plicarcularia) bellulus (A. Adams,1852)11. Nassarius (Plicarcularia) pullus (Linnaeus,1758)12. Nassarius (Plicarcularia) graniferus (Kiener,1834)Subgenus Telasco H.& A. Adams,185313. Nassarius (Telasco) javanus (Schepman,1891)14. Nassarius (Telasco) reeveanus velatus Gould,185015. Nassarius (Telasco) sufflatus (Gould,1860)16. Nassarius (Telasco) gaudiosus (Hinds,1844)Subgenus Zeuxis H.& A. Adams,185317. Nassarius (Zeuxis) algidus (Reeve,1853)18. Nassarius (Zeuxis) barsdelli Ladd,197619. Nassarius (Zeuxis) siquijorensis (A. Adams,1852)20. Nassarius (Zeuxis) castus (Gould,1850) 21. Nassarius (Zeuxis) sinarus (Philippi,1851)22. Nassarius (Zeuxis) clarus (Marrat,1877)23. Nassarius (Zeuxis) concinnus (Powys,1835)24. Nassarius (Zeuxis) foveolatus (Dunker,1847)25. Nassarius (Zeuxis) hirasei Kuroda & Habe,195226. Nassarius (Zeuxis) olivaceus (Bruguiere,1789)27. Nassarius (Zeuxis) scarlaris A. Adams,185228. Nassarius (Zeuxis) succinctus (A. Adams,1852)29. Nassarius (Zeuxis) thachi Dekker,2004.30. Nassarius (Zeuxis) acuminatus (Marrat,1880)31. Nassarius (Zeuxis) euglypta (Sowerby,1914)32. Nassarius (Zeuxis) canaliculatum (Lamarck,1822)33. Nassarius (Zeuxis) micans (A. Adams,1852)34. Nassarius (Zeuxis) humeratus sp. nov.Subgenus Nassarius Dumeril,180635. Nassarius (Nassarius) coronatus (Bruguiere,1789)Subgenus Hima Leach in Gray,185236. Nassarius (Hima) festivus (Powys,1835)37. Nassarius (Hima) hiradoensis (Pilsbry,1904)38. Nassarius (Hima) multigranosus (Dunker,1847)39. Nassarius (Hima) gregarious (Grabau & King,1928)40. Nassarius (Hima) cf. pauperus (Gould,1850)41. Nassarius (Hima) fratercula (Dunker,1860)Subgenus Varicinassa Habe,194642. Nassarius (Varicinassa) variciferus (A. Adams,1852)Subgenus Aciculina A. Adams,185343. Nassarius (Aciculina) teretiusculus (A. Adams,1852)Subfamily Cylleninae Bellardi,1882Genus Cyllene Gray in Griffith and Pidgeon,183444. Cyllene fuscata A. Adams,185145. Cyllene rubrolineata Sowerby,187046. Cyllene pulchella Adams and Reeve,1850...