The Abundance Gradient And Pressure Gradient During The Explosion Of Type II Supernovae

In the numerical simulations of core collapse supernovae with explosion mechanism, the energy issue has been a main reason that supernova can't not explosion successfully. But a large number of observational and experimental results support that great energy can release when supernova's explosion. When considering the gravitational potential energy as its main energy of explosion, it is found that the total gravitational potential energy released is very limited with the existing calculation method while it is necessary that leakage of neutrino and cracking of iron nuclear consume a lot of energy. To overcome this difficulty, a gravitational constant adjustment method was proposed by Baron and Coopemtein, and a hypothesis of equivalent thickness by Wang Yi-jen. Based on the theories of pressure gradient affecting the outbreak of typeⅡsupernova proposed by Luo Zhi Chuan, the results of this paper make the instantaneous strong explosion success through improving the energy of shock wave with the amendment of abundance gradient and pressure gradient under the condition of limited release of gravitational energy. Unfortunately, abundance gradient and pressure gradient in the past have not attained sufficient attention. In this paper, it is concluded that they have some close relationship with the supernova explosion energy. The results attained by Usage of the latest former star model data from Woosley and the typeⅡsupernova simulation program "SNⅡ-WLYW89" from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Mathematics Yi-jen group and the simulation of five supernova explosion process of the mass of 11M , 12M , 13M , 14M , 15M respectively.The numerical results show that in the collapse phase, the nuclear shock wave energy can be spread to the edge of iron nuclear with appropriate modifications of element abundance gradient and pressure gradient. When the change gradients of heavy nuclei abundance gradient , neutron abundance gradient, proton abundance gradient andαparticle abundance gradien all take as1.03, it is concluded that the explosion energy of three models can be increased excepting that the outbreak energy of model S11, S15 can be slightly reduced.When the change gradient of total element abundance takes as 0.90, and the change gradients of the nuclear matter pressure, the electron pressure ,theα,nand p mixed pressure , the radiation pressure and the neutron pressure take as 1.02, the explosion energy of model all increases in different degree, respectively. When the change gradient of total element abundance takes as 1.05, the explosion energy of four models expect model S15 all can be increased, while the exited energy of model S15 can not speed to the brink of iron nuclear. When the change gradients of the heavy nuclei abundance gradient , neutron abundance gradient, proton abundance gradient andαparticle abundance gradien all take as 1.03, and the change gradients of the nuclear matter pressure,the electron pressure, theα,nand p mixed pressure, the radiation pressure, and the neutron pressure take as 1.02, and the change gradient of total element abundance takes as 1.05, it is found that the change of element abundance gradient can not influence the total time of explosion, while the change of pressure gradient can prolong the total time of explosion. After the modifications of total element abundance gradient, the entropy increases. While the temperature at all timesteps would stay steadily expect at t3 and t 4.Finally, it is conclude that the adjustment of abundance gradient and pressure gradient can enhance the mechanism of convection energy, improve the explosion energy, help make the instantaneous strong explosion success.