The Study Of Preserving Relative Amplitude Based On Surface Consistent Principle

With the development of Petroleum Exploration and Production technology, the field of gas reservoir gradually expand and its goal is becoming more and more complex, more and more secluded, and it also demands higher quality of the deep seismic data. However, affected by a various of factors, the data that we got maybe has low SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) and resolution during the process of seismic wave transmitting underground. So this need to recover and preserve processing of the energy of signals, and try to improve the SNR and fidelity of the seismic data while we are improving the resolution.First, this thesis analyzes the factors that influence the attenuation of seismic amplitude, mainly discussing the attenuation of deep energy that caused by spherical spreading, formation absorption, transmission and scattering. Then according to these influence factors, some methods to make up the every amplitude restoration are being studied deeply. As to the processing of amplitude restoration, the routine methods are single-trace amplitude equalization, compensation of spherical spreading, inverse Q filter, spectral whitening, surface consistent compensation, and residual amplitude compensation. Beyond that, there are some kind of compensation method of formation absorption that on the basis of time-frequency analysis. These amplitude compensation methods have close relations, and can ensure the preserve of relative amplitude by the effective combination.Based on non-zero time-shifted correlation amplitude, the surface consistent amplitude compensation method is researched and realized, which can keep the consistent of energy in space and eliminate the influence of surface faction. On the basis of this, relative amplitude preserving method is introduced and carried out based on HHT transformation technology. Through analyzing the high, middle and low frequency part respectively, combined with use of various amplitude compensation methods, the reliability of relative amplitude preserving relationship is improved. Model test and real data processing prove the validity and efficiency of this method.