| The essential oils are a species of secondary in plant and a mixture composed by simple compounds with less molecular weight. Result of experiments showed that the biological activities of the essential oils are mainly fumigation, anti-feed, repellent and growth inhibiting action, The essential oils are no poison and contamination to people and domestic animals and pest is difficult to produce pest resistance, so it have no effect to plants and their products. The essential oils also have aromatic smell and the disinfectant action. So applied the essential oils to crop and grain can prevent mildew and get disinfectant action simultaneously. Precisely because of this, the essential oils are the bio-rational pesticide which people are seeking.At present, it is mainly studied in the field of insecticidal activity of essential oils against stored-product insects, and less studied against domestic pests. In this paper, biological activity, mode of action, chemical components and synergistic mixture of 46 kinds of essential oils from plants, belonging to 21 family against Musca domestica L., have been investigated. The main results are outlined as follows:l.The bio-activities of essential oils against Musca domestica L. are mainly fumigation,and then contact action and growth inhibiting action.2.In vivo symptomology of insect was characterized by a define sequence of events, starting with excitement, convulsion, paralysis, and death. But some insects in paralysis can recover at a low dose. The body's fluid of the insects were lost at the same time.3.There are 24 kinds of essential oils whose fumigating LCso are in 10 u L L-1 against Musca domestica L. in 6 hr, especially, the fumigating LCso of 9 kinds of essential oils, which are essential oil from Cinamomum catnphora(L.) presl, sassafras oil, dai-dai flower oil, fennel oil, essential oils from Michelia alba D C and Eucalyptus globulus Labill, winter green oil, nutmeg oil, essential oil from Abies renestii Rehd, are between 1 M L L-1 and 5|a L L-1 . Essential oil from Cinamomum camphora(L.) presl showed the strongest fumigating activity (LC50=1.6597yL L-1).4.With the dose of LCgs to control Musca domestica L., fumigating LT50 of 7 kinds of essential oils, which are mandarine oil, essential oils from Cinamomum glanduliferum (Wall.)Nee, Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith and Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f., peppermint oil, essential oils from Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Abies renestii Rehd, was in 15 min., and mandarine oil showed the highest activity (LT5o=ll.2560mm); Fumigating LT50 of 12 kinds of essential oils, such as lemongrass oil and dai-dai flower oil, was about 20 min.; Fennel oil and cassia oil showed slower fumigating action, whose fumigating LT50 were 57.7602min. and 78.2568min. respectively.5. Sassafras oil showed the best contact activity against Musca domestica L., with the dose of 4.34 X10-2 H L or 17 X10-3 n L per insect, the contact corrected mortality was 100% in 2, 4, 6, 12hr, with the dose of 1.09X 10-3u L per insect, the contact corrected mortality was about 85%; Spearmint oil, citronella oil, peppermint oil, essential oils from Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle and Litsea cubeba showed better contact activity with high dose (4.34 X 10-2 U L per insect); Dai-dai leaf oil, fennel oil, cassia oil, eucalyptus oil, winter green oil and essential oil from Abies renestii Rehd showed worse contact activity even though in high dose.6.With the dose of 4.34X10-2uL, 17X10-3uL and 1.09X10-3uL per insect, the essential oils, which showed some extent inhibition action against Musca domestica L., delayed insect growth about 0.5d, but this action isn't main action of the essential oils.7.By means of GC-MS, the chemical components of 3 potent essential oils, which are sassafras oil, winter green oil and essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, were analyzed and identified. With the bio-assay, the insecticidal components of those potent essential oils, which are also their predominant components, were identified to be Methyl salicylate, c... |
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