Preparation Of Polymer Hydrogels Materials And Water Swelling Rubber And Studies On Their Properties

In this thesis, three kinds of functional polymer materials were prepared, respectively, including water superabsorbent materials, environment sensitive hydrogels and water swelling rubber. The properties of the three functional polymer materials were studied. The results are summarized as following:1. Studied on a novel method of microwave irradiation to prepare super absorbents by graft polymerization sodium acrylic acid onto artemisia glue (AMG). The effects of various experimental conditions on its water absorbency were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were 180w (irradiation power), 3min (irradiation time), 70% neutralization degree of acrylic acid (AA) and 2% initiator on the basis of the mass of acrylic acid used. When the mass ratio of acrylic acid to artemisia glue is 5:1, the product has a water absorbency close to 400 times at room temperature in distilled water, this indicating that it has a high water absorbency, further more, this microwave irradiation processing to prepare water absorbent material has no industrial cast off produced, that is to say, this method is friendly to environment. The product was purified by acetone in soxhlet extractor, and detected the grafting efficiency. The grafting polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG2. The water superabsorbent hybrid material has been prepared by intercalating acrylic acid(AA) and acrylamide(AM) into the layers of bentonite to copolymerize under microwave irradiation with APS and N-N'-methylene-bisacrylamide respectively as an initiator and corsslinker, respectively. The influences of the irradiation time on the properties of the product were studied. The other factors were also investigated. The material's water absorbency approached to 500-550ml/g, when the quality ratio of MMT to monomer was 1:2, the irradiation power was 540W, the irradiation time was 3min. Compared with the unfilled materials and/or conventional materials prepared by traditional method, Our hybrid water absorbent material prepared by microwave irradiation has its excellent properties, such as, its low cost,high water absorbency, high hydrogel strength. Those make it can be used in agriculture to improve the soil's water-holding capacity and to improve environment. The polymer-bentonite hybrid was characterized by FT-IR, X-ray, and SEM, respectively.3. A polymer hydrogels network composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin hydrogels were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TG. The effects of pH various on swelling hydrogels were investigated. The swelling ratio depended on the pH of the buffer solution. The swelling kinetics reached equilibrium within 150min. The hydrogels exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio, about 300%-500% at room temperature. Swelling-deswelling kinetics of the three hydrogels show the "W" shape curves in different pH condition. That is to say, this kind of hydrogels has the function of shape memory.4. A nano-composite hydrogels were prepared from the radical graft copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide onto nano-SiO2 particles surface treated with vinyltrimethoxysilane in a mixture solvent of H₂O/THF at 25 ℃ , and N,N-methylene bisacrylamide was used as crosslinking agent. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy. These composite hydrogels exhibit higher swelling ratio than usual poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels at low temperature (15 ℃) and more excellent water release behavior at high temperature (50℃). The swelling ratio of hydrogel HI, which has no nano-SiO2 component, is about 29 at 15 V, by contrast, the swelling ratio of hydrogel H4 which contents 5% nano-SiO2 component is about 35 at the same temperature. At the same time, the water release behavior of hydrogel H4 showed almost a linear form, this point is very essential to the controlled drug...